Study Set Content:
dynamic equality between the
velocities of the two reactions
Equilibrium
dynamic equality between the
velocities of the two reactions
Equilibrium
Acid-Base Equilibria
Acid1Base2=acid2Base1
the velocity or rate of the forward
reaction Rf is proportional to the
concentration of the reactants:
Law of Mass action
Law of Mass action formula
Rf = k1 x [Hac
] x [H2O]
Reverse reactions:
Rr = k2 x [H3O] x [Ac
]
Rf =
Rr
k+
k=[H3O][Ac]/
[Hac
] [H2O]
or k=
k=k1
/k2
k=
[H3O][Ac]/
[Hac
]
Concentration of acetic acid remaining at
equilibrium:
ka= x2/ c
Calculation of the approximate hydronium
ion concentration of weak acids:
x2 = kac
Ionization of weak bases
B + H2O → OH + BH
kb=
[OH][BH]/
[B]
[OH]=
√kbc
Ionization of water The concentration of hydrogen or
hydroxyl ions in solutions of acids or
bases may be expressed as
gram
ions/liter or as moles/liter
The concentration of either the
hydrogen or the hydroxyl ion in
acidic, neutral or basic solutions is
usually expressed in terms of the
hydrogen ion concentration or, more
conveniently, in pH units.
Ionization of water
Ionization of Water
H2O + H2O ⇌ H3O + OH
Kw means
dissociation constant
● autoprolysis constant
● ion product of water
Kw=
Kw= k x [H2O]2
