Study Set Content:
for example, unemployment, low income, living in a deprived area, and factors associated with this such as poor housing and educational attainment
socio-economic status and deprivation
for example, vulnerable migrants, Gypsy, Roma, Irish Traveller and Boater communities, people experiencing homelessness, offenders or former offenders, and sex workers
vulnerable or inclusion health groups
protected characteristics under the () –
Equality Act 2010
the 9 protected characteristics are:
age, sex, race, sexual orientation, marriage or civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, gender reassignment, religion or belief, and disability
the characteristics of the place where we live, such as population composition, built and natural environment, levels of social connectedness, and features of specific geographies such as urban, rural and coastal
geography
" refers to a noticeable difference in health outcomes between different population groups, often stemming from social factors like race, ethnicity, income, or geographic location
health disparity
is a broader term encompassing any unequal distribution of health status, including factors like access to healthcare, quality of care, and health behaviors, even if the disparity isn't directly related to a specific social group; essentially, a health disparity is a specific type of health inequality.
health inequality"
Higher rates of infant mortality among Black infants compared to White infants Increased risk of diabetes complications among Hispanic populations Lower life expectancy in low-income neighborhoods Disproportionate rates of HIV infection among African American men
health disparity
People living in rural areas having less access to specialized medical care compared to urban residents Higher smoking rates among individuals with lower education levels Differences in health status between people with high and low income, regardless of race or ethnicity Unequal distribution of healthy food options in certain communities (food deserts)
health inequality
While () health disparities are considered health inequalities, not all ()are necessarily disparities as they might not be directly linked to a specific social group or identity
all, health inequalities
like unavailability of healthcare facilities can cause health disparities among countries.
Health Inequity l
To address the determinants, there should be a plan of attack (Increasing individuals effort needed)
Health Impact Pyramid
Health Impact Pyramid
Counseling and Education
Medical Care
Preventive Medicine
Making Healthy Decisions the Default
Socioeconomic factors
focuses on the health of populations, communities, and entire societies. Its aim is to prevent health problems before they occur through surveillance, health education, policymaking, and preventive measures.
Public Health
is concerned with the diagnosis, treatment, and management of individual patients. It addresses specific health conditions of individuals through direct, handson care.
Clinical Health
operates at a broader level, typically within government agencies, health organizations, and the community. It involves activities that can impact large numbers of people, such as vaccination programs, public health campaigns, environmental health efforts, and policy advocacy
Public Health
is practiced in healthcare facilities like hospitals, clinics, and private practices where medical professionals provide care directly to patients in need
Clinical Health
is proactive, focusing on prevention, health promotion, and education. It includes services like immunization, sanitation, health behavior promotion, and health policy implementation.
Public Health
Teams include epidemiologists, health educators, public health nurses, health policy experts, environmental health specialists, and statisticians. These professionals work together to improve health at the community or population leve
Public Health
is more reactive, focusing on treating diseases and conditions that individuals already have. This includes medical diagnosis, treatment, surgery, therapy, and long-term care
Clinical Health
