Study Set Content:
Post colonial legacy
English as a Second language (ex. India, Singapore, Nigeria)
Outer Circle
English as a Native language
(ex. UK, Ireland, Australia, US, New Zealand, Canada)
Inner Circle
Since English language is widely utilized all over the world, it has gained the reputation of being an
international language
the spread of English language may have been brought about by
colonization, migration, and globalization among others.
the English language has evolved into a language with many varieties such as
Scottish English, American English, Filipino English, Malaysian English, etc
an Indian linguist, developed a model trying to explain the spread of the English language and introduced the idea of “World Englishes.”
In the 1990s, Braj Kachru
According to the model, those countries that belong to the Inner Circle are those that use the (blank) as their own native languges
English language
●Basically, they are considered to be native speakers of the English language.
●Eg. (UK, USA, New Zealand, Australia, Canada)
While on the other hand, those countries that belong to the Outer Circle are those that use the English language as their
second language
●This was brought about by colonization by either the British or the Americans.
●Eg. (The Philippines, India, Nigeria, South Africa)
Lastly, those countrues that belong to the Expanding Circle are those that use the English language as a
●foreign languge.
They utilized the English language for
social and economic mobility
●Those countries which have not been subjugated by English-speaking colonizers.
●Eg. (China, Korea, Japan)
●Being a former colony of the USA, the Philippines belongs to the (blank) of world Englishes.
outer circle
With that the English language in the Philippines occupies a privileged position of being one of the
official language of the country
Since the Philippines is an archipelago, filipinos speak different regional languages; because of it, English serves as an
alternative lingua franca and being a second language in the educational system.
English being a bridge language for doing
business with foreigners
●Because of the interference of (blank), many Filipinos could not pronounce just like of that AE native speaker.
Filipino languages
But with the booming BPO industry in the country, there is a great demand for
●English-proficient workers.
they join forces to improve the quality of English language learning in the country in order to attract more companies to outsource customer care and other services through call centers.
The Philippine government, business sector, and educational institutions
