Pythagoras and the Pythagoreans
4
•
They enjoyed a common way of life.
•
Property was communal.
•
Even mathematical discoveries were communal and by association
attributed to Pythagoras himself — even from the grave. Hence,
exactly what Pythagoras personally discovered is difficult to as-
certain. Even Aristotle and those of his time were unable to at-
tribute direct contributions from Pythagoras, always referring to
‘the Pythagoreans’, or even the ‘so-called Pythagoreans’. Aristo-
tle, in fact, wrote the book
On the Pythagoreans
which is now
lost.
The Pythagorean Philosophy
The basis of the Pythagorean philosophy is simply stated:
“There are three kinds of men and three sorts of people
that attend the Olympic Games. The lowest class is made
up of those who come to buy and sell, the next above them
are those who compete. Best of all, however, are those who
come simply to look on. The greatest purification of all is,
therefore, disinterested science, and it is the man who devotes
himself to that, the true philosopher, who has most effectually
released himself from the ‘wheel of birth’.”
3
The message of this passage is radically in conflict with modern values.
We need only consider sports and politics.
?
Is not reverence these days is bestowed only on the “super-
stars”?
?
Are not there ubiquitous demands for
accountability
.
The
gentleman
4
, of this passage, has had a long run with this
philosophy, because he was associated with the Greek genius, because
3
Burnet,
Early Greek Philosophy
4
How many such philosophers are icons of the
western
tradition? We can include Hume,
Locke, Descartes, Fermat, Milton, G¨
othe, Thoreau. Compare these names to Napoleon, Nel-
son, Bismark, Edison, Whitney, James Watt. You get a di
ff
erent feel.