Study Set Content:
It is an analytical technique that is used to determine metals in an aqueous solution
AAS
A hollow cathode lamp coated with the element being analyzed
Light source of AAS
The flame is usually air/acetylene, providing a temperature ca 2500_C. (blank)may be used to produce temperatures up to 3000_C, which are required to volatilize salts of elements such as (blank)
Nitrous oxide/acetylene , aluminum or calcium.
is used to narrow down the width of the band of radiation being examined and is thus set to monitor the wavelength being emitted by the hollow cathode lamp. This cuts out interference by radiation emitted from the flame, from the filler gas in the hollow cathode lamp and from other elements in the sample.
Monochromator
The detector is a
photosensitive cell.
Detector
Diffraction grating
Hollow cathode lamp
Flame atomizer
Analyte
It all goes to the?
Computre
Application of AAS
Determination of metal residues remaining from the manufacturing process in drugs.
AAS is used principally in limit tests for metals in drugs prior to their incorporation into formulations. The sample is generally dissolved in (blank) to avoid formation of metal hydroxides from heavy metals, which are relatively involatile and suppress the AAS reading.
0.1 M nitric acid
ASSAYS THAT USE AAS
1. Assay of Ca and Mg in haemodialysis fluid
2. Assay of lead in sugars
3. BP Assays
a widely used and powerful method that takes advantage of the magnetic properties of certain nuclei.
NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE (NMR)
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, most commonly known as NMR spectroscopy or (blank), is a spectroscopic technique based on re-orientation of atomic nuclei with non-zero nuclear spins in an external magnetic field.
magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS)
It is a powerful and theoretically complex analytical tool used in chemistry, physics, and medicine to elucidate the structure and properties of molecules at the atomic level.
NMR
When electromagnetic radiation, most often () radiation, is delivered to the sample, it interacts with the magnetic moments of the nuclei.
Radiofrequency (RF radiation)
If the frequency of the RF radiation matches the nuclei's resonance frequency in the magnetic field, the nuclei will absorb energy and shift to a () energy level
higher
When RF radiation is switched off, the nuclei revert to a lower energy state and release
electromagnetic radiation
