Study Set Content:
has become an important tool in proteomics, which is currently a major tool in drug discovery
Mass spectrometry
Drug discovery involves a number of phases, including
Target identification, lead identification, small molecule optimization and pre-clinical and clinical development.
Target identification has been speeded up as a result of genomics but the measurement of gene transcription through detection of RNAs does not necessarily indicate exactly what the structures of the proteins produced are, since the proteins may be modified after translation by processes such as
glycosylation or phosphorylation
ASSAY
1.Proteomics
2.Environmental Analysis
3.Forensic Analysis
4.Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism Studies
5.Glycomics
Method of choice for the analysis of vitamins, particularly in the analysis of thiamine and riboflavin.
FLUOROMETRY
the quantitative study of the fluorescence of fluorescent molecules. Many biomolecules are fluorescent or can be labelled with fluorescent molecules, making fluorimetry a widely used tool in analytical and imaging methods
FLUOROMETRY
Fluorescence is an emission phenomenon which may be explained as follows.
•
Electrons of a molecule prefer to reside at the____of the ground state electronic state.
lowest vibrational level
Within each electronic state, including the ground state, there is a large number of
vibrational energy levels.
Electrons promoted to an____energy state reside in one of these vibrational levels.
excited electronic
Two ways in which these molecules revert to the ground state level are by a nonradiative process called ____ and a radiative process called ____ (fluorescence and phosphorescence).
collision deactivation, luminescence
is a phenomenon of emission of radiation when the molecules are exited by radiation at certain wavelength
Fluorescence
does not immediately re-emit the radiation it absorbs.
Phosphorescent material
the energy is lost as heat through collision of the molecules in the excited state with surrounding molecules in solution.
In collision deactivation
molecules with electrons on excited states quickly lose excess vibrational energy to their surroundings, thereby populating the lowest vibrational level of the excited states.
In the radiative process
INSTRUMENTATION:
Fluorometer
ASSAY THAT USES FLUOROMETRY
- Assay of Vitamin B1 and B2
Branch of spectrometry in which transmitted or reflected light, is measured after radiant energy passes through a turbid solution pr suspension
TURBIDIMETRY AND NEPHELOMETRY
Since light transmittance is used as a measure of turbidity, instruments such as colorimeters and spectrophotometry may be employed in
turbidimetric measurements
Based on the measurement of the brightness of the light reflected by a cloud of finely divided particles suspended in a liquid.
Nephelometry
Used in official assays of the majority of antibiotics, calcium pantothenate, Vitamin B12 and other medicinal agents.
Turbidimetry
