Study Set Content:
The sample will be heated and then a bunch of electrons will beam it or
bombard.
Ionization
knock offs electrons from the atoms in sample and can ionize it.
Electrons Bombardment
Since it has gained a charge, it can now be () through the electric plates.
accelerated
It will then enter the magnetic field. A strong magnetic field can bend the
path or may deflect ang ions with charge.
Deflection
Force of deflection is the same but:
Larger mass =
lower mass =
Larger mass = deflected less
lower mass = deflected more
Different isotopes being deflected different amounts as they go through the
magnetic field.
At different points of the detector, you will detect the isotopes. More ions
hit certain parts of the detector means more of that type of isotope in
nature.
Detection
Data processing Now you can generate a chart which is the. () is the mass to charge ratio.
Horizontal axis
of an isotope is the percentage of atoms with a specific atomic mass found in a naturally occurring sample of an element.
Relative Abundance
ION GENERATION
2 Categories:
1) Hard Ionization techniques\
2) Soft ionization techniques
Involve applying excessive energy to the sample during ionization, leading to sample fragmentation
Hard Ionization techniques
During this process molecules lose an electron (become ionized) and become highly excited.
Hard Ionization techniques
Electron impact ionization ( EI ) ionization - Although it is incompatible with using HPLC to introduce the sample into the mass spectrometer, it is nevertheless utilized in conjunction with____ or a direct heated probe for sample introduction.
gas chromatography (GC)
Inductively ____ ( ICP ) ionization
Coupled Plasma
, apply less energy to ionize the sample, resulting in minimal fragmentation. Here, the spectra contain mainly the most abundant molecular ion peak.
Soft ionization techniques
Soft-Ionization techniques
Electrospray Ionization (ESI)
high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC).
Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization (APCI)
Atmospheric Pressure Photo Ionization (APPI)
Chemical Ionization (CI)
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization (MALDI)
provides a highly specific method for determining or confirming the identity or structure of drugs and raw materials used in their manufacture.
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectrometry in conjunction with either ____ provides a method for characterizing impurities in drugs and formulation excipients.
gas chromatography (GC–MS) or liquid chromatography (LC–MS)
provide highly sensitive and specific methods for determining drugs and their metabolites in biological fluids and tissues.
GC–MS and LC–MS
