Description
this collection will cover a bunch of questions to all Medical, pharmacy and dental students who wants to prepare for anatomy test or to assure their studies
Study Set Content:
ANATOMY
21
11.
Lateral compartment of leg
(P582 to 585 and 577tbl Moore, p 645, 640 NM)
a.
Weak dorsiflexors
F - Weak plantar flexion NM p 642 – mainly everts
b.
Go over peroneal trochlea
F - Don’t even know what the fuck they are talking about
c.
Longus, brevis, deep peroneal nerve all in same
Compartment
F - FL, FB and SUPERIFICIAL Fib N in lateral compartment p585 Moore
d.
contains peroneus longus, brevis and tertius
F - tertius in ant compartment
e.
the muscles are supplied by the deep fibular nerve
F - supplies ant leg muscles, dorsum of foot and skin of first interdigital cleft
f.
the fibularis longus muscle arises only from the fibula
T - origin head of fibular, insertion base of 1
st
metatarsal and medial cuniform
g.
the fibular muscle tendons are bound at the lateral
malleolus by the inferior peroneal retinaculum
F - tendons of fibularis longus and brevis are bound down at the
malleolus by the SUPERIOR fibular retinaculum
h.
the fibular muscle tendons share a common synovial
sheath at the lateral malleolus
T - but not the best answer as sheath encloses all of fibularis longus and brevis
i.
fibularis longus helps steady the leg on the foot when a
person stands on one leg
T - “when a person stands on one leg fibularis longus helps steady
the leg on the foot”
j.
contains the deep peroneal nerve
F – superficial
k.
peroneus longus grooves the bone
F - lies superficial to brevis, so brevis grooves the bone
l.
brevis goes above trochanter on lateral surface
of calcaneum
T - LASTS 191
m.
PB and PL run in the same synovial sheath
under the inferior retinaculum
T - Bounded by superior and inf fibular retinaculum
n.
brevis goes above the lateral malleolus
F - inferior to it
o.
the muscles are supplied by the deep peroneal nerve
F – Superificial
p.
contains peroneus longus/brevis and deep peroneal nerve F - contains superficial fibular nerve
q.
Fibularis longus grooves lateral malleolus
F - brevis does since it is close to the bone but longus runs above it
r.
Fib. Brevis goes over trochlear
T - and longus goes UNDER it
s.
Fibularis longus only attaches to fibula
T - head and superior 2/3rds
t.
Fibularis longus and brevis share common synovial sheath F - They do above the superior fibular retinaculum and then they divide
u.
the peroneus longus arises only from the fibula
T - both longus and brevis only arise from the fibula
v.
the blood supply is anterior tibial
F - Sort of perforators from anterior tibial AND from fibular artery
(but doesn’t run in lateral compartment)
w.
peroneal muscle tendons share same muscle sheath
at the lateral malleolus
F - Split at the fibular retinaculum
x.
peroneal muscle tendons are bound at the
lateral malleolus by the inferior peroneal retinaculum
F - The peroneal muscle tendons do go in a common sheath and
are bounded by the inferior peritoneal retinaculum but I think it is
further inferior to the lateral malleolus at the fibular trochlea
12.
Which muscle inserts into both the tibia and fibula p 577 Moore
a.
tibialis anterior
F – from fibula and IO membrane
b.
tibialis posterior p 589 Moore
T - p637, 649 Moore
c.
Extensor digitorum longus
T
d.
Flexor digitorum longus
F – fibula and IO membrane
e.
Peroneus
F
f.
Extensor hallicus longus
F – from fibula and IO membrane
13.
What muscle causes dorsiflexion and inversion of the ankle
a.
tibialis anterior
T - p640NM
b.
tibialis posterior
F - plantar flexion and inversion
c.
extensor hallucis longus
F - Dorsiflexion of great toe and dorsiflexion
d.
peroneus tertius
F - dorsiflexion and eversion
14.
Which muscle causes inversion of the foot? 577 589 moore
a.
TA
T - DF + inv
b.
Peroneus tertius
F - DF + Ever
c.
TP
T - plantar flex + inv
d.
Peroneus Brevis
F - evert + PF
e.
EHB
F - Flex toe
ANATOMY
22
15.
Muscle of the lower leg which can initiate dorsiflexion and
inversion p640NM
a.
tibialis posterior
F - Plantar flex and invert
b.
tibialis anterior
T
c.
peroneus tertius
F - Dorsiflex + evert
d.
peroneus longus
F - Everts and weakly plantar flexes
e.
peroneus brevis
F - Everts and weakly plantar flexes
16.
Tibialis anterior p640NM
a.
dorsiflexes and everts the foot
F - DF and invert
b.
arises from the upper two thirds of the fibula
F - lateral condyle + superior
½
of lateral surface of tib and interosseous
membrane
c.
inserts into the medial cuneiform
T - and 1
st
MT
d.
shares it’s site of insertion with peroneus tertius
F - It goes to dorsum of base of 5
th
e.
is supplied by L5, S1
F - L4, L5 (deep fibular nerve)
17.
Regarding foot interossei p596 Moore, p658NM
a.
Palmer/sole side have 2 heads
F - Dorsal are bipennate (DAB ie they abduct andBipennate)
b.
Axis is 3
rd
metatarsal
F - 2
nd
toe (Lasts p148)
c.
When act together flex MTP and extend IP
F - Lasts says YES. Moore’s says No: Flex MTP and Add/Abd
d.
Supplied by medial planter nerve
F -by lateral plantar nerve
18.
Which is true of the layers of the foot? Lasts 197
a.
the plantar aponeurosis can be regarded as the 5
th
layer
F - aponeurosis is superficial to 1
st
layer
b.
the 2
nd
layer comprises the long tendons and the lumbricals T - p198 Lasts
c.
neurovascular bundle lies between layer 1 and 2
T – between 1 and 2, and 3 and 4 pg 596 Moore
d.
First layer contains AbH, FDB and AbDM
T
e.
Third layer contains plantar and dorsal interossei
F – 4
th
layer
f.
Long tendons and their connections are in second layer
T - p199 lasts
g.
Flexor digitorum brevis is in second layer
F - 1
st
layer
h.
part of the transverse arch is not in the 3
rd
layer
F ???
i.
flexor hallucis brevis is not in the third layer
F
j.
adductor hallucis is not in the third layer
F
k.
flexor digiti minimi brevis is not in the third layer
F
l.
peroneus longus is not in the third layer
T - it is part of the 4
th
m.
long flexor tendons lie in the 2
nd
layer
T
n.
plantar aponeurosis is in the 4
th
layer
F - Not a layer and is the superficiall compartment
o.
it consists of three layers
F - four
Note:
Aponeurosis
1
st
– 3 muscles FAb – FDB, AbH, AbDM
Neurovascular bundle
2
nd
– 2 musc 2 tend – Quad plant, lumbricles
3
rd
– 3 musc 2 lig FAF – FHB AdH FDMB
Neurovascular bundle
4
th
– 1 musc 1 lig 3 tend FIT – Fib long, tib ant, tib post, Interossei
ANATOMY
23
Lower limb – Fascia and Spaces
19.
Which passes through the lesser sciatic foramen p577
a.
inferior gluteal artery
F
b.
superior gluteal artery
F
c.
internal pudendal artery
F
d.
piriformis
F
e.
pudendal nerve
T
20.
Of the inguinal canal, which is INCORRECT?
(P 193 Moore, p273NM, p201 Instant Anat)
a.
Illiinguinal nerve enters the deep ring p 187
F – ductus deferens or round ligament and gonadal vessels pass through
b.
Roof formed by external oblique
F - internal oblique and transversus abdominal muscles
c.
Floor formed by inguinal ligament
T - Superior surface of inguinal ligament and lacunar ligament medially
d.
Anterior wall formed by internal oblique
F - aponeurosis of external oblique
e.
Posterior wall partly by the inguinal flax
T – transversalis fascia with medial aspect reinforced by the conjoint tendon
(inguinal flax)
f.
The ilioinguinal nerve enters the superficial ring
T – spermatic cord and gonadal vessels also
g.
the inguinal nerve does not pass through the deep ring
T - pierces the lower border of the internal oblique goes through the
inguinal canal and exits vie the superficial inguinal ring. Supplies
anterior 1/3
rd
of scrotum, root of penis/clitoris and upper medial part of groin
21.
Which is true of the adductor canal? P200 Instant Anat
a.
vastus lateralis is one of the borders
F - VM
b.
the nerve to vastus lateralis is superior
F
c.
nerve to vastus lateralis passes through
F
d.
the vein is medial to the artery throughout
F – VAN drives out
e.
the lateral boundary is vastus lateralis
F
f.
femoral artery lies between the saphenous nerve
and femoral vein
T
g.
adductor longus forms the roof
F
22.
In the femoral triangle
a.
The lateral circumflex femoral artery separates superficial
from deep branches of the femoral nerve
T
b.
adductor longus is a medial boundary
T
c.
anterior division of obturator nerve is on adductor brevis
T
d.
femoral vein receives the great saphenous
T
e.
lateral border is medial border of Sartorius
T
f.
lateral and medial circumflex femorals leave femoral artery F - it leaves from profunda femoris
23.
The skin over the femoral triangle is supplied by
a.
ilio-inguinal nerve
F
b.
obturator nerve
F
c.
medial femoral cutaneous nerve
F
d.
lateral femoral cutaneous
F
e.
genito-femoral nerve
T - according to Blitz and Adam
24.
Medial lymph nodes DO NOT drain
a.
anal canal
F
b.
scrotal skin
F
c.
testicles
T - To lumbar LN’s (Adam)
d.
urethra
F
e.
anterior skin distal to umbilicus and above inguinal ligament F
ANATOMY
24
25.
In the popliteal fossa NMp632, p 571 Moore
a.
the popliteal artery runs vertically
F - runs inferolaterally
b.
the inferomedial border is soleus
F - medial head of gastroc
c.
the popliteal vein lies between popliteal artery and
tibial nerve
T - Tibial nerve superficial, then pop vein, then pop artery deep
d.
the roof is formed by biceps femoris
F - subcut tissue and popliteal fascia
e.
the sural nerve branches from the common peroneal nerve F - from common fib/per AND tibial n
26.
What passes superficial to the superior flexor
retinaculum of the foot
a.
The superficial fibular nerve
F - IF it is a typo and they mean the extensor retinaculum
27.
Under the extensor retinaculum the most lateral structure is
a.
sural nerve
F
b.
dorsalis pedis artery
F
c.
EHL
F
d.
EDL
F
e.
Peroneus tertius
T - p641NM
28.
All of the following structures pass deep to the superior
extensor retinaculum EXCEPT
a.
deep peroneal nerve
F
b.
anterior tibial artery
F
c.
superficial peroneal nerve
T - passes superiorly (p668 NM)
d.
peroneus tertius
F
e.
extensor digitorum longus
F
29.
The plantar aponeurosis p662 NM, p595 Moore
a.
covers the abductor and adductor compartments
F - covers central compartment
b.
has fibrous septa joining to each metatarsal
F - No to digits one and 5
c.
Covers the abductors of the big and little toe
F - doesn’t cover abductors
d.
Is inserted to all 5 metatarsals
F - 1
st
and 5
th
only
e.
Does not attach to skin
F – it does
f.
Arises from talus
F – calcaneus
g.
Covers half length of sole
T
h.
attaches to calcaneus posteriorly
T - it arises from the calcaneus. Distally it divides into five bands that
become continuous with the fibrous digital sheaths
i.
separates short flexors
F – but unsure
j.
fibrous septa to all 5 metatarsals
F - to 1
st
and 5
th
only which divides the foot into three compartments;
medial, central and lateral
k.
includes adductor/abductor compartments
F - doesn’t cover abductors
ANATOMY
25
Lower limb – Vessels
30.
What is true of the Femoral artery? P155 LASTS, p 603NM
P545 Moore, p 371 Instant anat
a.
it’s pulse is found along the inguinal ligament
and 3.5cm medial to the pubic tubercle
F
b.
it has the median circumflex femoral artery
as it’s main branch
F - profunda femoris
c.
Profunda femoris artery is separated from the femoral
artery by adductor longus
T - p603 NM
d.
is separated from the hip joint capsule by fat only
F - It sits on the ilopsoas and pectineus
e.
is crossed by the femoral vein from medial to lateral as
it descends
F - Don’t think it goes medial
f.
enters the adductor canal by piercing Sartorius
F - Doesn’t need to pierce Sartorius
g.
is found at the mid-inguinal point
T
h.
gives off the medial femoral cutaneous as it’s major branch F - biggest branch is the profunda femoris
31.
Branches of femoral artery p604 NM p 371 Instant anat
a.
Superficial epigastric
T
b.
Superficial circumflex iliac
T
c.
External pudendal
T
d.
profunda femoris
T
e.
medial and lateral circumflex iliacs
F - come from the profunda femoris NOT femoral artery (usually...)
f.
Deep perforating artery
F
g.
Deep circumflex artery
F
h.
Pudendal artery
F - from internal iliac if they mean internal pudendal BUT
external pudendal DOES come off femoral
32.
All are tributaries of the femoral artery except p603
a.
deep circumflex iliac
F ??
b.
medial femoral circumflex
T - it comes from the profunda femoris (moore – different from blitz)
c.
superficial circumflex iliac
F
d.
superficial external pudendal
F
e.
deep external pudendal
F
33.
The great saphenous vein p525 instant anat
a.
is a continuation of the lateral marginal vein of the foot
F – medial. Formed by inion of the dorsal vein of great toe and
dorsal venous arch of foot
b.
runs between the two heads of gastrocnemius
F - that is small saph
c.
pierces the cribriform fascia
T
d.
can be found immediately below and lateral to the
pubic tubercle
F - 4cm below and lateral
e.
does not communicate with the superficial vein varicosities F – it does, a lot
34.
All drain into the great saphenous vein except p580
a.
superficial epigastric
F
b.
superficial circumflex iliac
F
c.
deep external pudendal
F
d.
superficial external pudendal
F
e.
deep circumflex iliac
T - it goes to the external iliac
35.
Blood supply of the head of the femur
a.
Unsure of stems
Via the medial circumflex femoral and lateral circ fem both from profunda
femoris which then go to retinacular arteries (most from medial circ fem
because the lat has to try to get through the iliofemoral lig) .
Also small amount from artery to head of femur from obturator (p680 NM)
ANATOMY
26
Lower limb – Joints
36.
The hip joint p678NM p607 Moore
a.
is flexed largely by sartorius and rectus femoris
F – strongest is iliopsoas
b.
is limited in full extension by the pubofemoral ligament
F - It limits abduction
c.
is only supplied by the obturator and sciatic nerves
F - Also femoral nerve
d.
has the ischiofemoral as it’s strongest ligament
F - it is the weakest. Iliofemoral is the strongest (and limits extension)
e.
derives it’s stability largely from it’s articular surfaces
T
37.
With regard to the knee joint p687NM p607 Moore
a.
the lateral meniscus is more ‘c’ shaped
F - Medial meniscus is more C shaped (“MC”)
b.
the tendon of popliteus is intra-articular
F - Sort of because it attaches to the lateral meniscus + lat fem condyle
c.
the medial collateral ligament is extra-articular
T - Mainly, yes but some fibres join the medial meniscus
d.
the medial collateral extends 8 cm beyond the joint line
Unsure
38.
Regarding knee joint Capsule (Moore 619)
a.
attaches to articular margins
F - Superiorly it attached just proximal
b.
attaches to the femur proximal to the articular margins.
T
c.
Attaches to the articular margin inferiorly except where
the tendon of popliteus transgresses the capsule
T
d.
Does not attach to intercondylar groove
?
e.
Tendon of popliteus transgresses capsule
T -
Blitz has this as the best option
39.
Regarding the menisci of the knee p690 NM p607 Moore
a.
posterior cruciate is medial
T - It is attached to the medial femoral condyle
b.
fold of synovium lies posterior to anterior cruciate
F
c.
anterior horn of medial meniscus is attached to medial
tibial condyle
F - anterior intercondylar area
d.
medial meniscus is avascular
F - Not exactly they are largely avascular but the peripheral zone
is vascularised
e.
fold of synovium lies posterior to anterior cruciate
???
40.
Medial meniscus of the knee p690NM p607 Moore
a.
Smaller
F – bigger
b.
attached to the tibia via anterior horn
T - and posterior horn and laterally to joint capsule
c.
attached to PCL
F - but the lateral meniscus is via the posterior meniscofemoral ligament to the
PCL. It is also attached to the popliteus tendon
d.
doesn't attach to medial ligament
F - It does
41.
Regarding the cruciate ligament p607 Moore
a.
PCL is attached to the medial condyle of the femur
T - p691NM
b.
tibial nerve supplies the cruciate ligament
T – according to Lasts, moores is silent on this topic
42.
Regarding ligaments of knee (moore 620) lasts 181
a.
Posterior cruciate attached to medial condyle of femur
T
b.
Posterior is longer and stronger stronger
F - Stronger yes , ?longer
c.
Posterior stops tibia slipping forward on femur
F – stops anterior displacement of femur
d.
Lateral collateral contributes to capsule significantly
F - LIES free of capsule
e.
Anterior cruciate has fold of synovium posteriorly
F - posterior surfaces uncovered
43.
All the following ligaments in the knee joint are
extra-capsular except p607 Moore
a.
patella retinacula
T
b.
oblique popliteal
T
c.
transverse ligament
F - It joins the anterior edges of the menisci p690 NM
(Adam agrees, Blitz says (d) but don’t think this is right)
d.
tibial collateral
F
e.
fibular collateral
F
ANATOMY
27
44.
Which ligament forms part of the capsule p607 Moore
a.
lateral collateral
F
b.
medial collateral
T - At its midpoint fibers go to the medial meniscus.
c.
anterior cruciate
F
d.
posterior cruciate
F
e.
popliteus tendon
F
45.
Regarding ankle joint Last’s p 150, p702NM, p632 Moore
a.
Capsule attaches to articular margins of tibia, fibular, talus T - ?YES Blitz says false, annie and adam reckons yes
b.
Deep part of deltoid ligament is triangular
F - On medial side, dep and superficial, superficial part is triangular
c.
Lateral ligament attaches to talus and calcaneus
T - fibula to talus and calcaneus. Three ligs all from lateral malleolus
d.
the capsule is attached anteriorly to the neck of the talus
T - (from blitz)
e.
it has a fixed axis of rotation
F - Can’t be since it is dorse/plantarflexion only. It does have a fixed axis for
these though which is through the talus
f.
capsule attaches posteriorly
??? - I think to talus
g.
has 3 ligaments to the talus
F - Kinda four; ant+post talofibular and ant+post tibiotalar
h.
weight bearing in suppination
F - Uhm..
i.
in full plantarflexion, a significant amount of inversion
and eversion is possible at the ankle joint
F - it is dorsi/plantar flexion
j.
the lateral ligament is made up of three separate bands
that all insert into the talus
F - There are three: Anterior and posterior talofibular and
calcaneofibular BUT all don’t insert into talus
k.
the weight bearing surfaces are the upper facet of the
talus, the inferior facet of the tibia and the medial and
lateral malleoli
F - Wt bearing surfaces are upper facet of talus, inf facet of tibia.
STABILISING surfaces are the malleoli.
46.
Question about the capsule of the ankle joint p632 Moore
a.
is attached anteriorly to the neck of the talus
T - p 203 Lasts
47.
Regarding the ligaments on the lateral aspect of the ankle,
which is FALSE? P632 Moore
a.
There are 3 bands, all connected to the talus
F - They are attached talus and calc
48.
Regarding the medial side of the ankle p702 NM p632 Moore
a.
deltoid ligament is continuous with the spring ligament
T
b.
great saphenous vein runs posterior to the malleolus
F – anterior
c.
anterior talo-fibular ligament strengthens the joint
F - on the lateral side
d.
posterior tibial artery runs anterior to malleolus
F – posterior
e.
short plantar ligament strengthens medial arch
F - plantar lig is lateral arch
49.
Regarding the deltoid ligament of the ankle
a.
strengthens the lateral aspect of the ankle
F – medial
b.
has three layers
F – four
c.
superficial part is triangular
T
50.
What movement occurs at the subtalar joint p707NM
a.
Inversion
T
b.
Eversion
T
c.
Equinovaris
F
d.
Plantarflexion
F
51.
Movement at the mid-tarsal joint includes
a.
inversion/eversion
T - It augments inversion eversion of the subtalar joint p708NM
b.
dorsiflexion / plantarflexion
F - this is at the ankle joint
ANATOMY
28
Lower limb – Bones
52.
Regarding the ossification centres of the bones of the foot,
which is incorrect
FROM ADAM’s ANSWERS
a.
there are three at birth
F - Calc, Tal, Cub, 3 Tarsals, MT, Phalanges
b.
fifth metatarsus has three ossification centres
T
c.
metatarsals have two centres
T - the rest have two
d.
metatarsals have two ossification centres
T - ?yes accord to blitz
53.
Arch of foot, which is wrong?
a.
Lateral arch formed of calcaneous, cuboid and lateral
two metatarsals
T - Medial long: Calc, talus, navicular, x3 cuneiforms, MTs1-3, TV arch: Cuboid,
x2cuneiforms, Bases of MT’s
b.
Tibialis Anterior is major stabilising factor
T - it stabilises the long arches
c.
Bones contribute little to arch stability
F - True accord to LASTS p154 but MOORE says that they contribute
d.
Pillars of arch are bases of metatarsals and calcaneus
F - It is the heads of the MT’s LASTS p154
e.
Cuboid is not part of the medial arch
T - p640 moore
54.
The tibia p567 NM
a.
Has one subcutaneous border
F - What the?
b.
Has medial and lateral condyles at the proximal end
T
c.
The weight bearing surfaces are medial malleolus and
talar shelf
F - malleolus is stabilising factor
d.
The proximal fibula articulates with the shaft
F - More a syndesmosis
e.
Has the intercondylar eminence on the anterior surface
F - on superior surface
ANATOMY
29
Central Nervous System - Circulation
1.
Regarding the blood supply of the cerebral cortex
p466 Lasts, p895 old Moores, p927NM
a.
Largest branch is anterior
F – middle
b.
Anterior, Middle, Posterior branches of the ICA
F - posterior comes of basilar
c.
Posterior communication artery connects middle
cerebral artery and posterior cerebral artery
T
d.
?basillar artery is branch of internal carotid
F - vertebral
e.
middle cerebral is contralateral arm, leg and speech areas F - Not leg. contralateral motor + sensory to everything but leg, foot,
perineum and speech and auditory
f.
anterior cerebral is contralateral leg, micturition
and defacation
T - contralat leg, foot, perineum, micturition, defecation
g.
middle cerebral is ipsilateral arm, face and vision
F - not ipsi or vision
h.
posterior cerebral is ipsilateral vision
F – Contralat
i.
anterior cerebral is contralateral leg, auditory and speech F - auditory and speech by MCA,
2.
Cerebral circulation
a.
anterior/ middle/ posterior cerebral arteries are
terminal branches of ICA
F - PCA from basilar
b.
anterior cerebral artery is most common site of
embolisation
F – MCA
c.
anterior cerebral artery supplies the motor and sensory
control of urination and defecation
T - and leg, foot, perineum
3.
Which is true of the circle of Willis?
a.
ACA is the most direct branch
F - MCA is
b.
ACA, PCA, MCA all come off the ICA
F - PCA off the basilar
c.
Most emboli go to the PCA
F – MCA
d.
MCA supplies the opposite head, arm and sensory
T
e.
posterior cerebral is a branch of the internal carotid
F - from basilar
f.
anterior cerebral is the largest branch of the internal carotid F – MCA
g.
middle cerebral supplies motor but not sensory cortex
F - supplies both
h.
internal carotid gives off ophthalmic artery
T
i.
anterior communicating unites middle and anterior cerebral F
4.
The blood supply to the spinal cord p530NM
a.
There are no anastomoses between anterior and
posterior spinal arteries
F
b.
The radicular arteries are constant in number and origin
F
c.
The posterior spinal artery is usually a branch of the
posterior cerebellar or vertebral arteries
T
5.
Which of the following is outside the blood-brain barrier
a.
Anterior pituitary
F
b.
Posterior pituitary
T - P465 LASTS , ganong 618
(circumventricular organs: posterior pit, hypothalamus(median eminence),
OVLT, SFO, Area postrema and pineal gland are outside the BBB).
Blitz + Adam disagree but comes straight from the book
ANATOMY
30
Central Nervous System – Upper
6.
Wernickie’s encephalopathy involves
Do they mean Wernicke’s aphasia?
a.
receptive dysphasia
T – ganong 274
b.
expressive dysphasia
F
7.
Regarding the speech centres p458 Lasts
a.
Broca’s area is on the left side in most left handed people T - is on the left side in R handed and MOST L handed
b.
Broca’s area is posterior
F - it is anterior in the inferior frontal gyrus
(wernicke’s is posterior in the superior and middle temporal gyri)
c.
Wernicke’s area controls motor response
F – receptive
d.
Damage to Broca’s area produces motor aphasia
T - (aka expressive) Blitz and Adam reckon this is the better answer
e.
Damage to Wernicke’s area produces expressive aphasia F - receptive
8.
Regarding the medulla oblongata
a.
It is the part of the brainstem between the pons
and spinal cord
T - Midbrain to pons to medulla lasts p 468
b.
Is largely within the middle cranial fossa
F - extends through the foramen magnum to the level of atlas
c.
Is supplied by anterior inferior cerebellar artery
F - Vertebral, basilar, PICA lastsp 475
9.
The dorsal column pathways synapse in the
a.
Thalamus
F
b.
gracile and cuneate nuclei
T - They lie in the medulla. Lasts p485
c.
cerebellum
F
10.
The midbrain
a.
is largely in the middle cranial fossa
F - Most in posterior cranial fossa p469 Lasts
b.
is supplied by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery
F - posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar
c.
lies between pons and upper spinal cord
F - this is the medulla
d.
contains the occulomotor nuclei
T
e.
contains the trigeminal nuclei
F - in the pons
11.
Regarding the lateral ventricles
a.
choroid plexus extends into the canal
T - if they mean it extends into the interventricular foramen (lasts p461)
b.
posterior horn in the temporal lobe
F - Posterior in occipital lobe, anterior in frontal lobe. Inferior temporal lobe
c.
Something about inferior horn
d.
Something about white matter
12.
Cerebrospinal fluid communicates with the subarachnoid
space via the… Pg 889 to 891
a.
4
th
ventricle
T - Via magendie and luschka foramina
b.
3
rd
ventricle
F
c.
subarachnoid granulations
F
d.
choroid plexus
F
e.
tela choroidia
F
f.
arachnoid granulations
F
g.
lateral ventricle
F
h.
dural sinuses
F
CSF produced by choroids plexus in lateral, and 3
rd
, and 4
th
ventricles.
Flow: lateral ventricles, through interventricular foramena, to 3
rd
ventricles,
through cerebral aqueduct, to 4
th
ventricles, through median and
lateral apertures, to subarach space
7.
Corneal sensation synapses in which ganglion
a.
Ciliary
F
b.
Otic
F
c.
Geniculate
F
d.
trigeminal
T – it does
e.
pterygopalatine
F
ANATOMY
31
8.
The submandibular ganglion Pg 1101 tble 9.4
a.
Receives fibres from the superior salivatory nucleus
T
b.
has a motor (parasympathetic) root that is carried with
the facial nerve
T - as written in table
c.
has a sympathetic root whose fibres carry on to supply
the ciliary muscle of the eye
F - supply submandibular and sublingual glands and appear to be secretomotor.
Cilary ganglion has parasymp fibres that supply ciliary muscle and
sphincter pupillae of eye
d.
has a sensory root whose cell bodies lie in the ganglion
of the seventh cranial nerve
F - Somatosensory cell bodies lie in ganglion of CN V3 (fifth).
There are no sensory cell bodies near CN VII
e.
distributes to the nasal mucosa
F - pterygiopalatine ganglion parasymp fibres supply blood vessels of
the nasal cavity
f.
is not involved in the salivation reflex
F - secretomotor
Overall:
Location: suspended from lingual nerve by two short roots lying on hyoglossus
muscle inf to submand duct
PNS root: Parasymp fibres join facial nerve and leave in its chorda tympani
branch which unites with the lingual nerve
Go to subling and submand glands
SNS root: Symp fibres from superior cervical ganglion come from plexus on
facial artery
Go to subling and submand glands and are secretomotor
9.
Cell bodies for the motor supply of the trigeminal nerve lie
a.
Hypothalamus
F
b.
midbrain
T – in pons
c.
posterior to cerebral aqueduct
F
d.
cerebral cortex
F
e.
floor of third ventricle
F
10.
Cell bodies for the motor supply of the facial nerve lie
The motor nuclei of the facial nerve are found in the p472 Lasts
(aka facial nucleus)
a.
Hypothalamus
F
b.
Midbrain
F
c.
floor of third ventricle
F
d.
Medulla oblongata
F
e.
Tectum
F
f.
Cerebellum
F
g.
pons
T - p472 LASTS
11.
Which is a direct connection from vestibular nucleus
a.
Oculomotor nerve
F
b.
Medial longitudinal fasciculus
F
c.
Lateral lemnisus
F
d.
Vestibulospinal tract
T - correct
e.
Medial geniculate body
F
12.
Where do cell bodies with efferent taste fibres from
the anterior tongue lie
a.
otic ganglion
F
b.
geniculate ganglion
T – CNVII
c.
trigeminal ganglion
F
d.
submandibular ganglion
F
ANATOMY
32
13.
Regarding the ciliary ganglion
a.
contains sympathetic fibres from the upper cervical
trunks
F
b.
Cell bodies in superior cervical ganglion
? – could be true
c.
Receives branches from lingual nerve
F
d.
Something about CN VII
NOTE: Some notes on the ciliary ganglion: 2mm diam, lies on the lateral side of
the optic nerve. Three roots enter its posterior end
1. Sensory root from nasociliary nerve passes through
without
relay to suuply
eye but not the conjunctiva
2. Sympathetic root from the internal carotid plexus passes through
without
relay supplying ciliary body carrying vasoconstrictor supply to vessels of the eye
3. Parasymp root from EW nucleus RELAY in the ganglion going to ciliary body
for accommodation and sphincter pupillae
14.
A Horners syndrome can result from interruption of all
tract/areas except
a.
T1 something
b.
Brainstem
c.
Post-sympathetic fibres
15.
Regarding the CNS
a.
The tentorium cerebelli separates the right and left
halves of the cerebellum
F - it forms the roof (p911 Moore), falx separates R from L
b.
The temporal lobe occupies the middle cranial fossa
T
c.
The falx cerebri separates the occipital lobes from the
cerebellum
F - separates R from L cerebral hemispheres
d.
Central sulcus separates occipital from parietal lobes
F - separates frontal from parietal
e.
Occipital lobe is posterior to the lateral sulcus
F - occipital separated from parietal by occipito-parietal sulcus
•
Anterior fossa
-
Formed by frontal bone anteriorly, ethmoid in the middle, sphenoid post
-
Contains Frontal lobes
•
Middle fossa
-
Formed by sella turcica of sphenoid plus lateral parts
-
Contains pituitary,lateral parts support the temporal lobes
•
Posterior fossa
-
Formed mostly by occipital bone
-
Contains cerebellum, pons, and medulla
ANATOMY
33
Central Nervous System – Cord and tracts
13.
Transection of anterolateral spinal cord results in…
(phys notes and lasts)
a.
ipsilateral weakness, hyperreflexia hypertonia
T - Ipsi weakness since corticospinal tracts decussate in medullary pyramids
b.
Ipsilateral loss of pain
F - contralateral because spinothalamic tract decussate in
spinal cord immediately
c.
Ipsilateral loss of temperature
F - since spinothalimic columns decussate immed in the spinal cord
d.
Contralateral loss of vibration
F - because dorsal columns decussate by synapsing in the gracile and
cuneate nuclei
14.
Considering a complete spinal transection:
a.
C1-C3 – quadriplegia and no respiration
T
b.
T10-L1 – loss of thigh movements
T - since they are below it
c.
L2-L3 – loss of most of the leg movements
T - Yes Fuuuck
Yes, this question was as ambiguous as you’re thinking
15.
The posterior columns transmit which of the following?
Lasts p 482, 484
a.
tendon stretch, vibration
T
b.
afferent pain and temperature
F – spinothalamic
c.
afferent tendon stretch impulses
T
d.
motor tracts
F - corticospinal
16.
Which of the following are not involved in the control of
posture and movement
a.
Tractus solitaries
T - It is involved in sending impulses from chemo and stretch receptors
b.
Lateral reticulospinal tract
F - Extra pymramidal
c.
Medial reticulospinal tract
F – exrapyramidal
d.
Vestibulospinal tract
F - extrapyramidal
e.
Spinocerebellar tracts
F - Cerebellum therefore posture
17.
Identify the layers pierced when performing a lumbar puncture
in the correct order
•
Skin
•
Superficial then deep fascia
•
Supraspinous lig
•
Interspinous lig
•
Lig Flavum
•
(Extradural space)
•
Dura
•
(Subdural space)
•
Arachnoid mata
•
Subarachnoid space/lumbar cistern – CSF
ANATOMY
34
Head & Neck – Nerves
1.
Gag reflex
a.
Vagus for efferent and afferent
F
b.
Glossopharyngeal for afferent, vagus for efferent
T - p383Lasts
c.
Hypoglossal for afferent, vagus for efferent
F
d.
Maxillary for afferent, vagus for efferent
F
e.
The glottis is closed
F - it is elevation of the soft palate and contraction of
pharyngeal muscles p383NM
f.
it is mediated by vagal receptors
T - glossopharyngeal are afferents, vagus is efferent
2.
The afferent path of the sneeze reflex is mediated by the
a.
ophthalmic nerve
T - Nothing specific in any fucking book or internet re afferent pathway
BUT p1017 NM: Superior portion of mucosa from ophthalmic nerve,
inferior portion from maxillary nerve...saunders agrees
b.
maxillary nerve
T - see above
c.
mandibular nerve
F
d.
vagus nerve
F
e.
glossopharyngeal nerve
F
3.
Nerve and face/muscle pairings
a.
Levator palpebrae and CN VII
F - CNIII occulomotor
b.
Superior oblique and CN IV
T
4.
Regarding the optic pathways p971 NM
a.
combined inferior rectus and superior oblique gives
lateral gaze
F - gives direct downward gaze
b.
Abducent paralysis makes eye turn down and out
F - Makes it turn in
c.
Superior rectus makes eye turn up and out
F - up and in
d.
Trochlear paralysis, eye cannot look downwards when
turned out
F - Cannot look down when eye is turned in apparently p397 Lasts
e.
Combined superior rectus and inferior oblique causes
vertical upward gaze
T
f.
superior oblique and inferior rectus move the eye
downwards
T
g.
superior oblique action in full abduction is minimal
F
h.
SR and SO move the eye vertically upwards (? or down) F - Doesn’t make sense should be SR+IO = vertically up
5.
After an operation for tonsillectomy, a patient complains of
loss of taste from the posterior tongue, which
nerve is damaged
a.
Hypoglossal
F
b.
Glossopharangeal
T
c.
Lingual
F
6.
Which is a branch of the mandibular nerve p1096 old Moore
a.
Zygomaticotemporal
F - maxillary nerve
b.
Infraorbital
F – maxillary nerve
c.
Infratrochlear
T - from ophthalmic branch of CNV but not in book
7.
Which nerve is contained within the carotid sheath?
a.
Vagus
T
8.
Which recieves afferents in the sneeze reflex
a.
Otic ganglion
F
b.
Trigeminal ganglion
T - Google says this one….
c.
Ciliary ganglion
F
ANATOMY
35
9.
Which of the following is not a branch of the ophthalmic nerve
a.
Supraorbital
F
b.
Supratrochlear
F
c.
Infraorbital
T - from the maxillary n along with zygomaticotemporal and zygomaticofacial)
p940 Moore
d.
External nasal
F
e.
Infratrochlear
F
f.
Lacrimal
F
10.
All the following are branches of the ophthalmic division
of the trigeminal nerve EXCEPT
a.
lacrimal nerve
F
b.
infraorbital nerve
T - Comes from mandibular nerve and exits via inferior orbital fissure
to supply sensation to skin beneath eye, inf eyelid, lateral nose p940NM
c.
supraorbital nerve
F
d.
infratrochlear nerve
F
e.
supratrochlear nerve
F
11.
Which of the following is a branch of the mandibular nerve
a.
infraorbital nerve
F
b.
external nasal nerve
F
c.
zygomaticofacial nerve
F
d.
auriculotemporal nerve
T - p940NM
e.
zygomaticotemporal nerve
F
12.
Which of the following is a branch of the maxillary nerve
a.
zygomaticotemporal nerve
T - together with zygomaticofacial and infrorbital
13.
Facial innervationp940NM
a.
infratrochlear nerve
T - V1 - Middle bit above nose
b.
infraorbital nerve
T - V2 – under eye
c.
nasolacrimal nerve
T - V1. Lacrimal is to tip of nose
14.
Nerve supply of the head and neck; which is correct
a.
cranial nerves 2,3,4
F - cervical nerves 2,3,4
b.
a branch from the cervical plexus
?T - Well, greater auricular nerve and lesser occipital are branches of
cervical plexus
c.
abducent nerve
F - NB: Facial or trigeminal nerves where NOT an option
15.
The infratrochlear nerve supplies the p940NM
a.
upper incisors
F - by alveolar nerves from maxillary nerve
b.
labial gum
F - by buccal n from maxillary n
c.
bridge over the nose
T - from ophthalmic n
d.
upper lip
F - infraorbital n from maxillary n
e.
skin of the lower eyelid
F - Infraraorbital nerve from maxillary nerve
16.
Which nerve supplies the vertex of the scalp p940NM
a.
greater occipital
F - scalp of occipital region (from posterior rami of C2)
b.
third occipital
F - lower occipital and suboccipital (from posterior ramus of c3)
c.
Auriculotemporal
F - Anterior to auricle, post 2/3rds of temporal region, skin of tragus (from
mandibular nerve)
d.
Supraorbital
T - From ophthalmic nerve
e.
Supratrochlear
F - Medial aspect of superior eyelid and anteromedial forehead
ANATOMY
36
17.
Corneal sensation synapses in which ganglion
a.
Pterygopalatine
F
b.
Geniculate
F
c.
Otic
F
d.
ciliary
T – not sure p972NM
e.
Trigeminal
T – best answer. Adam and blitz say (e) which could be true because
lasts p 395 says that the nasociliary nerve passes through the ciliary ganglion
without relay
ANATOMY
37
Head & Neck – Muscles
18.
Which muscle controls vocal cord abduction in the larynx
p1096NM
a.
Aryepiglottic
F – not involved in vocal cord movement
b.
posterior cricoarytenoid
T - abductor
c.
transverse arytenoids
F - Aids as a sphincter
d.
lateral cricoarytenoid
F – Adductor
e.
Cricothyroid
F – Tensor
19.
Which isn’t involved with vocal cord movement?
a.
Posterior cricoarytenoid
F – abductor
b.
Cricothyroid
F – tensor
c.
Vocalis
F - fine movement
d.
Thyroarytenoid
F – relaxer
e.
Aryepiglottics
T – p1045 old Moores, p1096NM
20.
Which is true of swallowing ?
a.
It is entirely voluntary
F
b.
The oropharyngeal portion is voluntary
F
c.
Peristalsis speeds as the bolus descends
F
d.
The voluntary stage commences as food enters
the oesophagus
F
e.
It is initially voluntary then involuntary
T - p493 Ganong
21.
In the eye: p971 NM
a.
The extraocular muscles attach to the tendinous ring
F - Not all. All the recti do but the inf and sup oblique don’t
b.
SO attaches to the ethmoid
F - No to sphenoid
c.
Lacrimal gland occupies the fossa on the medial sides
F - in the superolateral part. The lacrimal duct is medial
ANATOMY
38
Head & Neck – Circulation
22.
Regarding veins in the skull
a.
do not follow arteries
T
b.
lie subdurally
F - P467 Lasts, run in subarach space then cross subdural space to drain
into nearest available venous sinus of the dura mater
c.
great cerebral vein drains into cavernous sinus
F - drains to straight sinus
23.
Where does the superior cerebral vein lie
a.
deep in the sulci
T – probably. See p467 Lasts
b.
between the dura and the skull
F - this is the sinuses
c.
in the arachnoid mater
T – according to blitz and adam but not sure
d.
in the margins of the falx
F - this is the sinuses
e.
with the superior cerebral artery
F - they don’t follow arteries
24.
regarding internal jugular
a.
runs from angle of jaw to proximal end of clavicle
T
b.
runs deep to two heads of sternocleidomastoid
T - in its inferior 1/3
rd
c.
medial to artery
F - lateral to it
d.
runs in close proximity to thoracic duct.
F - it drains into confluence of L subclavian and LIJ p204 Lasts
25.
All the following are branches of the external carotid EXCEPT
a.
lingual artery
F
b.
facial artery
F
c.
ascending pharyngeal artery
F
d.
hypoglossal artery
T
e.
superior thyroid artery
F
26.
Something about the blood supply to the scalp being supplied
by branches of the external carotid artery
a.
Arteries run in 2
nd
layer of the scalp from external
AND internal carotid arteries:
External
: superficial temporal artery, occipital artery and
posterior auricular artery
Internal
: supratrochlear, supraorbital (both from ophthalmic artery)
27.
The following regarding Kiesselbachs plexus is true p956 Moore
a.
Located at posteroinferior wall of the nasal septum
F – anteroinferior portion of nasal septum
b.
Supplied by branches of maxillary and mandibular artery F – supplied by greater palantine A and ethmoidal A. Maxillay A gives
sphenopalantine A which supplies lateral wall
c.
Supplied by branches of the ophthalmic and maxillary artery F
d.
Supplied by branches of the ECA and ICA
F – Just branches of the External Carotid A
28.
Which of the following statements is correct with regard to
the nasal blood supply – Pg 956 Moore
a.
Kiesselbach's area is a plexus of vessels on the lateral
wall prone to epistaxis
F - plexus on nasal SEPTUM commonly involved in chronic epistaxis
b.
the major contributor to nasal blood supply is the
sphenopalatine artery
T -Lasts supports the answer word for word
c.
the nasal blood supply is solely by branches of the
internal carotid arteries
F - branches of external carotid involved along with sphenopalatine A,
ant and post ethmoidal A, greater palatine A, sup labial A and
lateral nasal branches of facial A.
d.
the blood supply enters principally through the
cribriform plate
F – also enters via branches of maxillary A and others.
e.
blood supply to the nasal septum is poor
F - that is where Kiesselbach’s plexus is so rich blood supply.
Made up of anastamosis between sphenopalantine A, ant and post ethmoidal A,
greater palantine A, superior labial A and lateral nasal branches of the facial A.
ANATOMY
39
Head & Neck – Spaces and Triangles
29.
Which is NOT found in the posterior triangle of the neck?
a.
Branches of the cervical plexus
F - found in the posterior triangle
b.
Occipital lymph nodes
T – Old Moore says that cervical and subclavian LN are in this triangle p1004
c.
Accessory nerve
F
d.
Cervical plexus
F – Adam says this is right
e.
Inferior belly of omohyoid
F
f.
Transcervical vessels
F – Blitz says this
g.
Branches of brachial plexus
T
30.
All the following are boundaries of the named triangle EXCEPT
a.
mandible and submental triangle
F - it is formed with anterior belly of digastrics, midline and hyoid bone
(or as per moore; unpaired therefore both anterior bellies of digastrics
with hyoid bone) p1065 NM
b.
mandible and anterior triangle
T - with midline and SCM
c.
mandible and digastric triangle (aka submandibular triangle) T - with ant and post bellies of digastric
d.
sternocleidomastoid and carotid triangle
T - with posterior belly of digastric and superior belly of omohyoid
e.
sternocleidomastoid and anterior triangle
T - with clavicle and Trapezius
31.
All the following are contents of the posterior triangle EXCEPT
a.
accessory nerve
T
b.
cervical plexus
T
c.
inferior belly of omohyoid
T
d.
transverse cervical vessels
T
e.
occipital lymph nodes
F - since they are def posterior the anterior border of trapezius p1058NM
(adam and blitz aren’t sure but they think the cervical plexus because the
actual plexus doesn’t sit in the posterior triangle but its branches do.)
So take your pick!
32.
Which of the following is NOT contained in the carotid triangle
Pg101,1014
a.
superior thyroid vein
F - probably is in the carotid triangle
b.
posterior auricular artery
T - branch of the external carotid A and origin is superior to posterior belly of
digastric m so NOT in the carotid triangle
c.
external laryngeal nerve
F - is in carotid triangle
d.
superior root ansa cervicalis
F - is in carotid triangle
e.
bifurcation common carotid artery
F - is in carotid triangle
Posterior triangle – occipital triangle and supraclavicular triangle
Anterior triangle – submandibular triangle, submental triangle, carotid triangle,
muscular triangle
33.
Question regarding the carotid sheath
a.
Nerve not between artery and vein,
F – always between artery and vein
b.
thinnest on side of arteries
F – thinnest on side of veins
c.
contains Common carotid artery
T
d.
Contains Internal carotid artery
T
e.
Contains internal jugular vein
T
f.
Does not contain Vagus nerve
F – does contain the vagus
g.
Does not contain Nodes,
F
h.
carotid sinus nerve, sympathetic nerve fibres
T
ANATOMY
40
Head & Neck – Bones and foramina
34.
Which bone makes up part of the roof of the orbit p959 NM
a.
Sphenoid
T - lateral part
b.
Maxilla
F – floor
c.
Lacrimal
F - Medial wall
d.
Ethmoid
F - medial wall
e.
Temporal
F - Not involved
35.
What runs through the foramen spinosum p900NM
a.
ICA
F – lacerum
b.
Maxillary br trigeminal
F - Foramen rotundum
c.
Mandibular br trigeminal
F - Foramen ovale
d.
Middle meningeal artery
T - Meningeal nerve
36.
Which vessel supplies a branch which passes through
the foramen spinosum
a.
maxillary artery
T - middle meningeal A from Maxillary A and meningeal branch of CNV3
p900 NM
37.
What exits the stylomastoid foramen
a.
middle meningeal artery
F
b.
accessory nerve
F
c.
facial nerve
T
d.
artery to stapedius
F
e.
hypoglossal nerve
F
38.
Which does not travel through the jugular foramen
a.
hypoglossal nerve
T - hypoglossal canal/foramen
b.
accessory nerve
F
c.
inferior petrosal sinus
F
d.
glossopharyngeal nerve
F
e.
vagus nerve
F
f.
jugular vein
F
39.
A fracture through the roof of the maxillary sinus might
result in sensory loss to the
a.
tympanic membrane
F
b.
lacrimal gland
F
c.
upper molar teeth
T
d.
upper incisors and canine teeth
F
e.
skin overlying the zygomatic bone
F
40.
A fracture through the floor of the maxillary sinus may cause
a.
Loss of sensation of the upper molars
T - p1022 NM
b.
Loss of sensation of the canines and incisors
F - MAYBE YES IF they mean upper via disruption to maxillary nerve CNV2
which supplies the superior alveolar nerves which go to all top teeth
(front incisors supplied by infraorbital nerve which becomes an alveolar n
which is also a branch of CNV2) But if they mean upper plus lower;
Can’t be this one since lower jaw teeth are innervated by inf alveolar nerve
from mandibular nerve CNV3
41.
Which of the following enters into the inferior meatus of
the nose
a.
frontal sinus
F - middle meatus
b.
ethmoidal sinus
F - superior meatus
c.
maxillary sinus
F
d.
nasolacrimal duct
T – p1015 NM
e.
auditory tube
F
f.
inferior alveolar nerve
F
