7.
Award [1] for each two of the following structures clearly drawn and correctly labelled.
Connections between organs must be correct for full marks.
mouth / teeth / tongue;
esophagus;
stomach;
small intestine;
large intestine / colon;
anus;
pancreas;
liver;
gall bladder;
rectum;
salivary glands;
sphincters;
[5]
8.
source: salivary glands;
pancreas;
substrate: starch / glycogen; (do not accept carbohydrate)
product: maltose / disaccharide;
optimum pH: 7–8 / neutral–slightly alkaline;
[4]
9.
(a)
(i)
positive correlation / higher incidence with higher meat consumption
1
(ii)
fat consumption is correlated with / causes colon cancer;
meat contains (high levels of) fat;
2
(b)
(i)
12(
±
1) deaths per 100000 women
1
(ii)
same meat consumption but higher colon cancer rate in Sweden;
other factors cause colon cancer (in Sweden) / eg genetic factors,
lack of fibre;
only some types of meat may cause colon cancer;
meat may contain more fat in Sweden / other chemical differences;
other foods may protect against cancer (in Hungary);
3 max
[7]