Study Set Content:
When physical conditions are purposely manipulated to break the antigen-antibody complex, with subsequent release of the antibody into the surrounding medium
Elution
antibodies are more efficient at agglutination because their large size
IgM
Their multivalency permit more effective bridging of the space between cells caused by zeta potential
IgM
antibodies are too small to overcome electrostatic forces between cells
IgG
A.K.A Coombs Reagent
Use of second antibody (AHG) to visualize a reaction (IgG)
AHG abbreviation
antihuman globulin
Coombs reagent will attach to the Fc portion of IgG and help to bridge the gap between RBCs so a visible agglutination reaction will occur
Use of second antibody (AHG) to visualize a reaction (IgG)
forms cross-links between antibody molecules that have bound to the surface of RBCs.
AHG
Excess Abs (antibodies)
Prozone phenomenon
Excess Ag (antigen)
Postzone Phenomenon
True or False:
Prozone and Postzone phenomenon have true negative results
False: False Negative Results
the zone in which optimum Precipitation occurs, because the number of multivalent sites of antigens and antibodies are approximately equal.
Zone of Equivalence
solution to the prozone phenomenon
Dilution of serum or sample
solution to the postzone phenomenon
Repeat Blood Spx after 1-2 week
is based on the assumptions that each antibody molecule must have at least two binding sites and that an antigen must be multivalent.
Lattice Hypothesis
decreased Ab concentration in relation to the concentration of Ag (little concentration of Ab). No lattice formation
Postzone Phenomenon
excess Ab will saturate the Ag will result to no linkages, no reactions
Prozone Phenomenon
Antibody-coated patient cells + antihuman IgG will result to
Agglutination
The placement and number of antigenic determinants both affect agglutination
Antigenic Determinants
A blood group antigen has more than________-
1.5 million sites/RBC
