7
Major Sense Organs
Sensation and perception
•
Vision – Eye
•
Hearing – Ear
•
Taste – Taste receptors (new)
•
Smell – Olfactory system
•
Skin – Hot, cold, pressure, pain
Sense Organs
Eye
–
the organ used to sense light
Three layers –
1.
Outer layer consists of sclera and cornea
2.
Middle layer consists of choroid, ciliary
body and iris
3.
Inner layer consists of retina
Functions of the major parts of the eye:
Sclera or Scleroid Layer – (white of eye)
a tough protective layer of connective tissue that helps maintain
the shape of the eye and provides an attachment for the muscles that move the eye
Cornea
- the clear, dome-shaped part of the sclera covering the front of the eye through which light enters
the eye
Anterior Chamber
– a small chamber between the cornea and the pupil
Aqueous Humor
- the clear fluid that fills that anterior chamber of the eye and helps to maintain the shape
of the cornea providing most of the nutrients for the lens and the cornea and involved in waste
management in the front of the eye
Choroid Layer
- middle layer of the eye containing may blood vessels
Ciliary Body
- the ciliary body is a circular band of muscle that is connected and sits immediately behind
the iris- produces aqueous humor, changes shape of lens for focusing, and
Iris
- the pigmented front portion of the choroid layer and contains the blood vessels - it determines the eye
color and it controls the amount of light that enters the eye by changing the size of the pupil (an albino
only has the blood vessels – not pigment so it appears red or pink because of the blood vessels)
Lens
- a crystalline structure located just behind the iris - it focuses light onto the retina
Pupil
- the opening in the center of the iris- it changes size as the amount of light changes (the more light,
the smaller the hole)
Vitreous
- a thick, transparent liquid that fills the center of the eye - it is mostly water and gives the eye its
form and shape (also called the
vitreous humor
)
Retina
- sensory tissue that lines the back of the eye. It contains millions of photoreceptors (
rods for black
& white and cones for color
) that convert light rays into electrical impulses that are relayed to the
brain via the optic nerve
Optic nerve
- the nerve that transmits electrical impulses from the retina to the brain
Common eye defects
include –
myopia
or nearsightedness where the eyeball is too long or the cornea is too
steep;
hyperopia
or far sightedness where the eyeball is short or lens cannot become round enough:
cataracts
where the lens becomes fogged;
presbyopia
where the muscles controlling the bulging of the
lens become weak as we age;
nyctalopia
or night blindness where vision is impaired in dim light and in
the dark due to pigment rhodospin in the rods not functioning properly