8
Images
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the cornea and the lens help to produce the image on the retina
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images formed by the lens are upside down and backwards when they reach the retina
•
two types of receptors on the retina
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Rods
– 125 million on a single retina – extremely sensitive to all wavelengths of visible light but
do not distinguish different color – in dim light only rods are activated where one can see objects
but not as sharp images and are not able to distinguish their color – most dense in peripheral
view –
nighttime vision
Rods have a pigment called rhodospin
•
As amount of light increases, the
cones
– 7 million on a single retina – mainly in central view are
stimulated and the color becomes clear –
daytime vision
•
There are three types of cones which distinguish the three colors – blue, red, green
•
Fovea
– point of central focus – great density of cones - center of the eye's sharpest vision and
the location of most color perception - the layers of the retina spread aside to let light fall directly
on the
cones
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Light stimulates rods and cones and sends impulse via optic nerve to brain areas for vision
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The Optic Nerve exits the eye just off center near the Fovea - the Optic Nerve exits is referred to
as the Blind Spot due to the lack of the receptors in this area
•
The two Optic Nerves come together at the
Optic Chiasm
located just under the hypothalamus -
a crucial part of vision and perception must happen - cross-over of information from the right eye
crosses over to the left side and visa versa happens here at the Optic Chiasm
•
Information from each eye must
be processed in both halves of the
brain
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Information leaves the chiasm via
the optic tract.
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Reorganized optic tract leaves the
Optic Chiasm and passes onto the
lateral geniculate nucleus
•
At the lateral geniculate nuclei
the information is separated,
organized, and relayed to
different areas of the visual
cortex
•
The different zones of the visual
cortex process the different
aspects of vision and information,
taken from both visual fields, is
processed and an image is
perceived
.