9
EAR
Outer Ear & ear canal –
brings sound into eardrum
Eardrum –
vibrates to amplify sound & separates inner and middle ear
Middle ear
has 3 small bones or
Ossicles =
anvil, stirrup, stapes – amplify sound (small bones) which
vibrate sound
Eustachian tube –
connects middle ear to throat and equalizes pressure on eardrum
Cochlea –
in inner ear – has receptors for sound & sends signals to brain via Auditory Nerve
Process of hearing:
•
Sound waves enter your outer ear and travel through your ear canal to the middle ear.
•
The ear canal channels the waves to your eardrum, a thin, sensitive membrane stretched tightly over
the entrance to your middle ear.
•
The waves cause your eardrum to vibrate.
•
It passes these vibrations on to the hammer, one of three tiny bones in your ear. The hammer
vibrating causes the anvil, the small bone touching the hammer, to vibrate. The anvil passes these
vibrations to the stirrup, another small bone which touches the anvil. From the stirrup, the vibrations
pass into the inner ear.
•
The stirrup touches a liquid filled sack and the vibrations travel into the cochlea, which is shaped
like a shell.
•
Inside the cochlea, a vestibular system formed by three semicircular canals that are approximately at
right angles to each other and which are responsible for the sense of balance and spatial orientation.
It has chambers filled with a viscous fluid and small particles (
otoliths
) containing calcium
carbonate. The movement of these particles over small hair cells in the inner ear sends signals to the
brain that are interpreted as motion and acceleration. The brain processes the information from the
ear and lets us distinguish between different types of sounds.