Study Set Content:
is determined by the extent of the exposure to the hazard. The concern may be limited to effects on humans, as in the case of drugs and food additives.
Risk
needed to develop and implement computer-based models to predict adverse health effects resulting from the interaction of chemicals with biological organisms.
Computational Toxicologists
Has the responsibility for deciding, on the basis of data provided by descriptive and mechanistic toxicologists, whether a drug or other chemical poses a sufficiently low risk (or, in the case of drugs, a favorable risk/benefit profile) to be marketed for a stated purpose.
Regulatory Toxicologist
Focuses on the impact of chemical pollutants in the environment on biological organisms.
Environmental Toxicology
concerned with human health
Environmental health sciences
specialized area within environmental toxicology that focuses on the impacts of toxic substances on population dynamics in an ecosystem.
Ecotoxicology -
- advance toxicology by studying the magnitude and duration of contact between toxic chemicals and biological organisms.
Exposure science
These are other effects that are not associated with the primary objective of the therapy and can be desired or not.
Side Effects
These are side effects that are harmful or undesired.
Adverse, Deleterious, or Toxic Effects
s an immunologically mediated adverse reaction to a chemical resulting from previous sensitization to that chemical or to a structurally similar one. o often used to define this allergic response
Chemical allergy
are those related and happens after
Allergic reaction
may also be used to describe the allergic response prior to exposure and it is required to produce a toxic effect.
Sensitization reaction
a foreign substance that cannot be recognized by the immune system
Hapten
It is a chemical or a metabolic product o Once it combines with an endogenous protein it could form to antigen.
Hapten
Also known as hapten– protein complex, capable of forming antibodies. Note: Subsequent antigen-antibody interaction would result to a typical manifestation of allergies.
Antigen (or immunogen)
abnormal reactivity of an individual to a chemical based on its genetics or other individual sensitivity factors.
Chemical Idiosyncrasy
adverse effects unrelated to the therapeutic action of a drug that are typically not observed in most treated patients.
Idiosyncratic drug reactions -
develop rapidly after a single administration of a substance.
Immediate toxicity
effects occur after the lapse of some time and they are carcinogenic.
Delayed toxicities
These are determined by the ability of the tissue to regenerate.
Reversible vs Irreversible Toxic Effects
