Study Set Content:
Discovered oxygen before Joseph Priestley, although he published his results later. He is also credited with the discovery of hydrofuoric, hydrocyanic, and arsenic acids, and devised methods for detecting arsenic in body fuids and corpses.
Karl Wilhelm Scheele
Discovered a test for arsenic oxide.
Christian Friedrich Samuel Hahnemman
Discovered the frst methods for detecting elemental arsenic and arsenic oxides in fuids and tissues.
Johann David Metzger and Valentine Rose
Developed what came to be known as the Marsh test, a groundbreaking method for detecting arsenic in 1836.
James Marsh
At a time when animal experimentation was somewhat less frowned upon, he experimented widely with dogs, varying the amount of poison (such as arsenic) administered and the route of administration, and tested antidotes and treatments.
Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila
He authored Traite des poisons, one of the most popular textbooks of the frst half of the 19th century. He subsequently extracted the sections on antidotes and treatments and published them in a compact free-standing volume designed not only for physicians but also for lay audiences that may not have access to medical care but need to know what to do in the event of a poisoning emergency.
Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila
was called to act as a medical expert in various criminal cases. One case which he is best known for is that involving Marie Lafarge. “Father of Forensic Toxicology” or “Father of Modern Toxicology”
Mathieu Joseph Bonaventure Orfila
Was charged of poisoning her husband with arsenic. Eyewitnesses had seen her buying arsenic (used to exterminate rats) and stirring a white powder into her husband’s food. Marie Lafarge was found guilty of murder and received a death sentence, later commuted to life in prison.
Marie Lafarge
Was best known for his pioneering contributions in neuroscience and neurosurgery, and experimental physiology. His studies on the efects of drugs on diferent parts of the body though led to the introduction of compounds such as strychnine and morphine into medical practice (Tubbs et al., 2008). His research into the mechanisms of toxicity of these and other alkaloids furthered the science of toxicology.
Francois Magendie
Made several physiological discoveries including the role of the pancreas in digestion, the regulation of the blood supply by vasomotor nerves, and the glycogenic function of the liver. His work also led to an understanding of the self-regulating process of living organisms we now refer to as homeostasis.
Claude Bernard
He won acclaim for his book
Introduction à l’Etude de la Médecine Expérimentale (An Introduction to the Study of Experimental Medicine)
demonstrated that the mechanism of action of curare resulted from its interference in the conduction of nerve impulses from the motor nerve to skeletal muscle.
Bernard
He studied the toxicological properties of other neuroactive compounds such as opium, atropine, strychnine, and nicotine. He was also the frst to describe the hypoxic efects of carbon monoxide.
Claude Bernard
Was greatly infuenced by Orfla was interested in underpinning medical jurisprudence, especially toxicology, with a scientifc foundation.
Robert Christison
He investigated the detection and treatment of oxalic acid poisoning and followed this up with investigations on arsenic, lead, opium, and hemlock.
Robert Christison
A theory originating in the 19th century suggesting that substances known to be toxic at elevated doses may actually have a benefcial efect at very low doses. Non-monotonic dose–response (NMDR) curves graphically describe hormesis.
Theory of hormesis
Gave the name “radioactivity.” She went on to discover thorium, polonium, and radium, and received the Nobel Prize twice (once with her husband and Becquerel in physics and later in chemistry)
Marie Curie and Radium
Soon after() discovery, it was manufactured synthetically and was believed to have almost magical healing properties. It appeared in food products such as bread, chocolate, toys (because of its luminescence), toothpaste, cosmetics, suppositories, and products to treat impotence. One of the frst revelations about the true potency of radioactivity and the scope of its potential danger concerned the unfortunate girls who became radium watch dial painters in the early 1900s. By 1927, over 50 women died due to radium paint poisoning, and many of the survivors sufered signifcant health problems.
radium’s
Carried chemical analyses of agricultural products. an American physician and chemist who researched the adulterants in many drugs commonly prescribed by physicians of the time.
Lewis Caleb Beck
In 1846 he published Adulterations of Various Substances Used in Medicine and the Arts with Means of Detecting Them: Intended as a Manual for the Physician, the Apothecary, and the Artisan. His publication helped promote the Drug Importation Act of 1848.
Lewis Caleb Beck
