Study Set Content:
Has fewer H+ than OH- and thus a pH greater than 7.
Base solution
a compound consisting of a positive ion other than H+ and a negative ion other than OH-.
Salts
A chemical that resists changes in pH when either an acid or a base is added to a solution containing the buffer.
Buffers
Deals with those substances that do not contain carbon.
Inorganic chemistry
The study of carbon-containing substances.
Organic chemistry
A small, nonpolar, inorganic molecule. ➢ Two oxygen atoms bound together by a double covalent bond ➢ Essential for most living organisms
Oxygen (O2 )
An inorganic molecule composed of one carbon atom bound to two oxygen atoms. ➢ Produced when food molecules are metabolized in cells
Carbon Dioxide (CO2 )
A polar molecule composed of two hydrogen atoms bound to an oxygen atom by polar covalent bonds. ➢ Attracted to other polar molecules.
Water (H20)
Molecules attracted to water
Hydrophilic
Molecules not attracted to water are called
Hydrophobic
Functions of Water:
Water stabilizes body temperature 2. Water protects the body 3. Water is required for many chemical reactions
If blood pH drops below 7.35
Acidosis
If blood pH rises above 7.45
Alkalosis
Carbon’s ability to form covalent bonds with other atoms makes it possible for the formation of large , large, diverse, complicated molecules for life.
Organic molecules
The four major groups of organic molecules essential to living organisms are
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
Carbohydrates
Characteristics of Carbohydrates
Contain C,H,O ● H:O is a 2:1 ratio - Example: C6H12O6 ● Monosaccharides are the building blocks.
Monosaccharide: ● Simple sugar (1 sugar) - Examples:
Glucose and fructose
Important functions of carbohydrates in humans:
1. Carbohydrates provide parts of other organic molecules (for example nucleotides in DNA) 2. Carbohydrates are broken down to provide energy 3. When undigested carbohydrates provide bulk (fiber) in feces.
The main storage form of glucose in humans. ➢ Quickly broken down by cells to make ATP
Glycogen
