Study Set Content:
➢ Important polysaccharides found in plants. ➢ Humans ingest starch and use it to make ATP. ➢ Humans cannot digest cellulose but it provides the fiber which is necessary in our diets.
Starch & Cellulose
Substances that dissolve in nonpolar solvents (alcohol, acetone) but not in polar solvents (water).
Lipids
Single covalent bonds between carbon atoms
Saturated
One or more double covalent bonds between carbons
Unsaturated
● Contain a lower proportion of oxygen to carbon than do carbohydrates ● Insoluble in water Examples: fats, oils, cholesterol, triglycerides, phospholipids
Lipids
Function of
Lipids
Long term energy storage 2. Insulates against heat loss 3. Protective cushion for organs 4. Cholesterol is part of the cell membrane structure
Contains C,H,O,N Amino acids are the building blocks
Proteins
number of different naturally occurring amino acids
20
Amino acids contains an
amine (NH2) group and carboxyl group
Amino acids are not stored, so a
daily supply is required
Occurs when the hydrogen bonds that maintain the shape of a protein are broken and the protein becomes non functiona
Protein Denaturation
Factors that can cause denaturation are
: high temperatures and/or improper pH
Functions of Proteins
1. Used to make skin, hair, nails, muscles 2. Part of the hemoglobin molecule 3. Act as enzymes 4. Immune system function 5. Muscle contractions (actin and myosin) 6. Part of the cell membran
Composed of C,H,O,N,P Examples: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Nucleic Acids
building blocks of nucleic acids
Nucleotides
nucleotides is composed of
nitrogen base, phosphate, and 5-carbon sugar
is an especially important organic molecule found in all living organisms. ➢ It consists of adenosine (the sugar ribose with the organic base adenine) and three phosphate groups
ATP
is often called the energy currency of cells because it is capable of both storing and providing energy.
ATP
is a group of cells with similar structure and function, plus the extracellular substance surrounding them.
Tissue
is the study of tissues
Histology
