Study Set Content:
This pathway (microsomal system) elongates saturated and unsaturated fatty acyl-CoAs (from C10 upward) by two carbons, using malonyl-CoA as the acetyl donor and NADPH as the reductant, and is catalyzed by the microsomal
fatty acid elongase system of enzymes
Elongation of stearyl-CoA in brain increases rapidly during myelination in order to provide
C22 and C24 fatty acids for sphingolipids.
working in Germany, proposed that the body utilizes fatty acids as an energy source by breaking them down into fragments. Prior to fragmentation
Franz Knoop
Franz Knoop when
1904
Franz Knoop, working in Germany, proposed that the body utilizes fatty acids as an energy source by breaking them down into fragments. Prior to fragmentation, the β-carbon (the 2nd carbon from the –COOH group) is
oxidized
Biosynthesis of fatty acids occurs in the
cytosol
Beta-oxidation of fatty acids occurs in the
mitochondria
– The separation of these two processes allows each process to be
individually controlled
Each step involves
acyl CoA
Catalyzed by separate
enzymes
Generates
ATP
Both are aerobic processes requiring the presence of
Oxygen
Fatty acids are transported in the blood as
Free Fatty Acids
In the plasma, longer chain Free fatty acids are combined with and in the cell, they are attached to a Fatty acid binding protein
albumin
Fatty acids must first be converted to an (blank) before they can be catabolized
active intermediate
– Requires energy
ATP
In the presence of ATP and coenzyme A (CoA), acyl CoA synthetase (thiokinase) catalyzes the conversion of a Free Fatty Acid to an
active Fatty Acid (acyl CoA)
Free FA to
Acyl CoA
Free FA Acyl CoA, in the presence of ATP and CoA and using high energy phosphate and forming
AMP and PP
In order to complete this reaction, (blank) is hydrolyzed by pyrophosphatase with the loss of a high energy phosphate
PP
