Study Set Content:
– Most are unicellular (single – celled) organisms
Prokaryotes
Almost all are microscopic
Prokaryotes
– Some prokaryotes have a
capsule
is a slimy, outermost layer of the prokaryotic cell that prevents it from drying out under adverse conditions and it also serves for defense providing added protection against being engulfed by other microorganism (i.e. white blood cell)
Capsule
Prokaryotic cell walls are composed of
peptidoglycan
Carbohydrate by nature that provides rigid framework that supports the cell and maintains its shape
peptidoglycan
is a single, long, circular molecule and is not surrounded by a nuclear envelope
Prokaryotic DNA
no (blank) are associated with prokaryotic DNA
proteins
Prokaryotes also have
plasmids
DNA molecule that bears genes that provides resistance to antibiotics
plasmids
– single filament, aids in movement
Flagella
hairlike appendages that help prokaryotes adhere to surfaces
Pili
Generally larger and have complex structures
Eukaryotes
contain membrane-bound compartments
Eukaryotes
Eukaryotes contain the presence of
cell nucleus
• eukaryotic DNA is organized in one or more linear molecules, called
chromosomes
eukaryotic DNA is organized in one or more linear molecules, called CHROMOSOMES associated with
Histones
is separated from the cytoplasm by a nuclear membrane.
Nucleus
bacteria, archaea
Prokaryotes
~ 1–10 µm
Prokaryotes
