A
– includes cells and cell products, across which gases diffuse between the alveolar air
and blood; B
– type II alveolar cells are the principal barrier cells; C – contains thick and
thin portions; D
– most gas exchange occurs across the thin barrier portion; E – connective
tissue cells and fibres widen the barrier and form its thick portion.
Directions
: one or more of the given statements or completions is/are correct. Choose the
answer: A
– if only 1,2, and 3 are correct; B – if only 1 and 3 are correct; C – if only 2 and
4 are correct; D
– if only 4 is correct; E – if all are correct.
11. The pulmonary acinus consists of:
(1) respiratory bronchioles (2) alveolar ducts (3) alveolar sacs (4) terminal bronchioles
12. The pulmonary internal bronchial tree consists of:
(1) large bronchi (2) middle bronchi (3) small bronchi (4) terminal bronchioles
13. The epithelium covering the mucosa of the air passages is:
(1) simple (2) pseudostratified (3) ciliated (4) striated
14. The following statements regarding the tracheal glands are true:
(1) are located in submucosa (2) contain mucus-secreting acini with serous demilunes (3)
deliver their product on the epithelial surface (4) contain parietal cells
15. As the bronchi become reduced in size their cartilages change in the following
way:
(1) cartilaginous rings are replaced by plates (2) cartilaginous plates become smaller and
fewer in number (3) hyaline cartilage is replaced by elastic cartilage (4) cartilages
disappear in small bronchi
16. The following statements regarding the Clara cells of the bronchiolar epithelium
are true:
(1) are nonciliated cells (2) have dome-shaped apical surface projection (3) display the
characteristics of protein-secreting cells (4) produce lipoproteins
17. In comparison with the terminal bronchiole wall, the respiratory bronchiole wall
contains:
(1) knob-like septa (2) the well-developed muscularis mucosae (3) submucosal glands (4)
alveoli
18. The distinctive feature of the alveolar ducts is the presence in their wall of:
(1) blood capillaries (2) alveoli (3) Clara cells (4) knob-like interalveolar septa
19. The following statements regarding type I alveolar cells (pneumocytes) are true:
(1) are extremely thin squamous cells (2) line most of the alveolar surface (3) gas
exchange occurs through these cells (4) are secretory cells
20. The components of the alveolar septum are as follows:
(1) blood capillaries (2) fibroblasts (3) macrophages (4) collagen and elastic fibres
21. The air-blood barrier includes:
(1) surfactant (2) type I alveolar cell and its basal lamina (3) capillary endothelial cell and
its basal lamina (4) connective tissue cells and fibres may be between two basal laminae
22. The following statements regarding the alveolar macrophages are true:
(1) remove particles from the air alveolar space (2) pass through the alveolar septum and
may then return into septal connective tissue (3) filled with accumulated material, they
remain in septal connective tissue (4) phagocytose infectious organisms such as tubercle
bacilli
19. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
Directions
: each of the following statements contains five suggested completions. Choose
the one that is best in each case.