Study Set Content:
presents a holistic view of information seeking from
the user’s perspective in
Information Search Process
Information Search Process six stages:
1. Task initiation
2. Selection
3. Exploration
4. Focus formulation
5. Collection
6. Presentation
ISP SIX STAGE MODEL BY
DR. CAROL
KUHLTHAU
when a person first becomes aware of a
lack of knowledge or understanding and feelings of
uncertainty and apprehension are common.
1.Initiation
when inconsistent, incompatible
information is encountered and uncertainty,
confusion, and doubt frequently increase and
people find themselves “in the dip” of confidence.
Exploration,
when a general area, topic, or problem is
identified and initial uncertainty often gives way to
a brief sense of optimism and a readiness to begin
the search.
Selection,
when a focused perspective is formed
and uncertainty diminishes as confidence begins to
increase.
Formulation,
when the search is completed with a
new understanding enabling the person to explain
his or her learning to others or in someway put the
learning to use.
Presentation,
when information pertinent to the
focused perspective is gathered and uncertainty
subsides as interest and involvement deepens.
Collection,
1.INITIATION
Feeling Thouughs and actions
(Uncertainty),(Vague),(Seeking)
Feelings of uncertainty and apprehension
1.INITIATION
Thoughts center on contemplating the problem
1.INITIATION
Actions involved discussing possible avenues of
approach or topics to pursue
1.INITIATION
SELECTION Feelings and Action
(optimism),(relevant
exploring)
EXPLORATION
Feelings and actions
(Confusion, Frustration, Doubt), (Information)
feelings of confusion, uncertainty, and doubt
EXPLORATION
Feelings of uncertainty often give way to
optimism after the selection as been made
SELECTION
Thoughts center on weighing prospective topics
2. SELECTION
Thoughts center on becoming oriented
EXPLORATION
Actions are to confer with others or to make a
preliminary search of information
SELECTION
