Study Set Content:
The signal to open the ion channel comes from the chemical messenger, which binds to the receptor and causes it to
change shape
the trigger for the process is a chemical messenger (the ligand), and the effect is to open up the 'gate' sealing the ion channel.
Ligand-gated ion channel receptor
The receptor conveys a signal to the cell via a signaling protein called a
G protein
G protei subunits
α, β, and γ subunits).
The G-protein coupled receptor traverse the cell membrane with the binding site for the chemical messenger on the (blank) of the receptor
extracellular portion
However, there is a second binding site on the intracellular portion of the receptor, which is specific for the
G protein. –
However, there is a second binding site on the intracellular portion of the receptor, which is specific for the G protein. – binding site is closed when the receptor is in
resting state
acts as the receptor and has a binding site waiting to receive its chemical messenger.
Extracellular region
acts as a tyrosine kinase enzyme and has an active site, which is closed when the receptor is in the resting stage.
Intracellular region
chemical messenger that activates kinase-linked receptor
Insulin, Growth Factors and Cytokines
transport important polar molecules across the cell membrane. They do so by enclosing the polar molecule in a hydrophilic cavity
Carrier Proteins
drugs that either bind to a carrier protein and prevent it from accepting its natural guest, or compete with the natural guest for transport into the cel
Carrier proteins blockers
Carrier proteins example
Tricyclic antidepressants, cocaine and amphetamine
In order for drug molecules to exhibit their pharmacologic activity, they must interact with a (blank), typically a receptor, enzyme, nucleic acid, or excitable membrane or other biopolymer
biologic target
These interactions occur between the (blank) found in the drug molecule and those found within each biologic target.
functional groups
The ability to recognize these functional groups and their relative acid strengths helps to predict (blank)
absorption, distribution, excretion, and potential incompatibilities between drugs
is any substance capable of yielding a proton (H+
acid
is any substance capable of accepting a proton.
base
When an acid gives up a proton to a base, it is converted to its
"conjugate base
Similarly, when a base accepts a proton, it is converted to its
conjugate acid
