Study Set Content:
The potent and euphoric properties of the extract of the (blank) have been known for thousands of years.
opium poppy
In the 16th century, the Swiss physician and alchemist, popularized the use of opium in Europe.
Paracelsus
At that time, an alcoholic solution of opium, known as (blank), was the method of administration.
laudanum
a German Apothecary, who first isolated morphine in pure crystalline form from opium named the compound “morphium” after Morpheus, the Greek god of dreams.
➢ Fredrick W. Sertürner
It took another 120 years before the structure of morphine was elucidated by (blank) at the University of Oxford
Sir Robert Robinson
The chemistry of morphine and the other opium alkaloids obtained from (blank)has fascinated and occupied chemists for over 200 years, resulting in many synthetic analgesics available today.
Papaver somniferum
Although a number of highly effective stereoselective synthetic pathways have been developed, it is unlikely that a commercial process can compete with its isolation from the
poppy
known as heroin, is highly addictive and induces tolerance. The illicit worldwide production of opium now exceeds the pharmaceutical production by almost 10- fold.
Diacetylmorphine,
a synthetic opiate also known as oxycodone.
OxyContin
, relaxes the craving for heroin or morphine.
methadone
. A series of studies in the 1960s at Rockefeller University by (blank), found that methadone could also be a viable maintenance treatment to keep addicts from heroin.
Vincent Dole and his wife, Marie Nyswander
e. A series of studies in the 1960s at Rockefeller University by Vincent Dole and his wife, Marie Nyswander, found that (blank) could also be a viable maintenance treatment to keep addicts from heroin.
methadone
It is estimated that there are about 250,000 addicts taking methadone in the
United States
at the University of London proposed in 1954 that opiate effects were receptor-mediated, but it was not until the early 1970s that the stereospecific binding of opiates to specific receptors was demonstrated.
Beckett and Casey
characterized and classified the three different types of opioid receptors, mu, kappa, and delta formed the basis of our current understanding of opioid pharmacology.
William Martin
assays for each of the opioid receptor types, a technique that has been of major importance in the identification of selective opioids
radioreceptor binding
Since antiquity, alcoholic beverages and potions containing (blank), an alcoholic extract of opium, and various other plant products have been used to induce sleep.
laudanum
were used in the middle of the 19th century as sedative-hypnotics
Bromides
Bromides were used in the middle of the 19th century as sedative-hypnotics, as were
chloral hydrate, paraldehyde, urethane, and sulfenal.
on the assumption that a structure having a carbon atom carrying two ethyl groups would have hypnotic properties, investigated diethyl acetyl urea, which proved to be a potent hypnotic.
Joseph von Merring
