Study Set Content:
Further investigations led to (blank), a compound synthesized 20 years earlier in 1864 by Adolph von Beyer.
5,5-diethylbarbituric acid
was synthesized by the Bayer Pharmaceutical Company and introduced to the market under the name Luminol.
Phenobarbital
The compound was effective as a hypnotic, but also exhibited properties as an anticonvulsant.
(5- ethyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid)
Modification of the barbituric acid molecule also led to the development of the
hydantoins.
Phenytoin (also known as
diphenylhydantoin or Dilantin
Hypnotics and anticonvulsants
Phenobarbital
Phenytoin
The local anesthetics can be traced back to the naturally occurring alkaloid cocaine isolated from
Erythroxylon coca.
found that cocaine numbed the tongue, and thus, he discovered a local anesthetic. He quickly realized that cocaine was an effective, nonirritating anesthetic for the eye, leading to the widespread use of cocaine in both Europe and the United State
Carl Koller’s
Carl Koller’s nickname among Viennese medical students was
“Coca Koller
means that the manifestation of effects can only be limited at the site of administration (limited systemic effect)
Local anesthetic agent
chewing leaves of the coca bush Swedish chemist who isolated cocaine from the plant at Gothenburg University in 1860
Albert Niemann
in Munich, he determined the structure of both cocaine and atropine in 1898 and succeeded in synthesizing cocaine 3 years later. Although today cocaine is of greater historic than medicinal importance and is widely abused, few developments in the chemistry of local anesthetics can disclaim a structural relationship to cocaine.
➢ Richard Willstatter
Synthetic local anesthetics based on the structure of cocaine
Cocaine
Procaine
Lidocaine
Benzocaine
Benzocaine, procaine, tetracaine, and lidocaine all can be considered structural analogs of (blank), a classic example of how structural modification of a natural product can lead to useful therapeutic agents.
cocaine
