The ecological niche is a central concept in the ecology of organisms and is subdivided into
FUNDAMENTAL and REALISED NICHES.
FUNDAMENTAL NICHE: the set of environmental conditions under which a species is able to
persist.
REALISED NICHE: the set of environmental plus ecological conditions under which a species
persists.
To determine an organisms status/niche in the community the following must be known:
i.
Nutrition and source of energy
ii.
Rate of metabolism and growth
iii.
Effect on other organism.
THE HABITAT: This is a related but distinct concept to NICHE that describes the environment
over which a species is known to occur and the type of community formed as a result. More
specifically, habitat can be defined as regions in environmental space that are composed of
multiple dimensions, each representing a biotic or abiotic environmental variable, that is,
any component or characteristic of the environment related directly (forage biomass) and
quality or indirectly (elelvation) to the use of a location by the animal eg. Aquatic or
terrestrial environment.
Organisms are subject to environmental pressures but are also modifiers of their habitats by
the regulatory feedback between them and their environment.
POPULATION LEVEL OF INTEGRATION IN ECOLOGY:
POPULATION:
Population is the unit of analysis in Population ecology. A population consists
of individuals of the same species that live, interact and migrate through the same niche and
habitat. It is a group/aggregation of related individuals (same species) capable of
interbreeding and living (occupying) a continuous area that contain no potential breeding
barrier.
N:B . The organisms are of the same kind
They occupy a particular area
The population is the structural component of an ecosystem which develops and
maintains itself by reproduction i.e. it is a self regulating system.