Study Set Content:
: Enzyme that unknots and uncoils DNA
Topoisomerase
Protein that unwinds the DNA double heli
Helicase
enzyme that catalyzes the formation of the phosphodiester bond between pieces of DNA.
DNA ligase
Enzyme that replicates DNA using each strand as a template for the newly synthesized strand
DNA polymerase:
Unwinding of DNA by
helicases
Unwinding of DNA by helicases expose the
DNA bases
Helicase (blank) ATP
hydrolyzes
Helicase hydrolyzes ATP to break the (blank) between DNA strands
hydrogen bonds
DNA Polymerase: the new strand is replicatedfromthe5’ →
3’
5’ → 3
start from the 3’-end of the template
Replication of the leading strand occurs (blank) in the 5’ → 3’ direction of the newstrand
continuously
Replicationofthe lagging strand occurs
discontinuously
Short DNA fragments
(Okazaki fragments
Short DNAfragments (Okazaki fragments) are initially synthesizedand then
ligated together
DNA ligase catalyzes the formation of the
phosphodiester bond between pieces of DNA
only one of the DNA strands is copied
Transcription
An RNA polymerase replicates the DNA sequence into a complementary sequence of
mRNA.
mRNAs are transported fromthe nucleus tothe
cytoplasm
mRNAs are transported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where they act as the template for
proteinbiosynthesis (translation)
three base segment ofmRNA
codon
