Study Set Content:
are characterized by the presence of a positively polarized hydrogen atom
Organic acids
2 main kinds of organic acids
1. contain a hydrogen atom bonded to an electronegative oxygen atom
2. contain a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom next to a C=O double bond (O=C-C-H)
are characterized by the presence of an atom with a lone pair of electrons that can bond to H+
Organic bases
is a substance that accepts an electron pair
Lewis acid
is a substance that donates an electron pair
Lewis base
always means that a pair of electrons move from the atom at the tail of the arrow to the atom at the head of the arrow.
*A curved arrow
region zero electron density
Node
H-H Bond strength
436 kj/mol
Ideal distance between a nuclei that leads to maximum stability
Bond length
If too close they?
repel
If it is too far apart
bonding is weak
distance of H-H is
74 pm
Description of covalent bond formation as resulting from a mathematical combination of atomic orbitals to form a molecular orbitals
Molecular Orbital Theory
MO that is lower in energy than the atomic orbitals from which it is formed
Bonding MO
MO that is higher in energy than the atomic orbitals from which it is formed
Antibonding MO
C-H or C-C single bonds are not shown, they are understood
Condensed structure
C=O
Carbonyl
A group of atoms within a molecule that has a characteristic chemical behavior
Functional Group
- The chemistry or every organic molecule, regardless of size and complexity, is determined by the functional groups it contains.
Functional Group
Alkene, ene,
