Study Set Content:
Scombroid Fish Poisoning . ● The one responsible here is your
Scombrotoxin
a mixture of histamine and histamine-like compounds produced when histidine and fish tissue decomposes
Scombrotoxin
So () in the fish tissue decomposes through mishandling
histidine
Upon mishandling, histidine is converted to
histamine
Scombroid Fish Poisoning ● Similar with histamine toxicity (minutes to 3 hours after ingestion)
○ Gastroenteritis ○ Headache ○ skin flushing
sometimes are accompanied by
○ Urticaria ○ Bronchospasm ○ Tachycardia ○ hypotension
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning . ● () - produced by your dinoflagellates which accumulate in shellfish like in crabs and others
Saxitoxin
They block neurotransmission by binding to voltage gated fast sodium channels
Saxitoxin
Upon ingestion/consumption, it will block the neurotransmitter to voltage gated channel leading to paralytic shellfish poisoning
Saxitoxin
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Symptoms
● May appear within 30 minutes after ingestion ● Gastroenteritis (manifestations: vomiting, diarrhea) ● Paresthesias ● Ataxia ● Respiratory paralysis (2 to 12 hours)
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning Treatment
Emergency and supportive measures
3 key enzymes responsible for ethanol → aldehyde:
● Alcohol dehydrogenase ● Catalase ● CYP2E1
Acetaldehyde → Acetate (or acetic acid) by
acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
High in higher frequencies among Asia
ADH1*2
Predominant in white & black population (US)
ADH1*1
Rapidly metabolizes aldehyde which will prevent alcoholism
ADH1*2
50% of Asian population ● An inactive allele
ALDH2*2
Relatively inactivates aldehyde which will increase the risk of alcohol dependence
ADH1*1
ALDH2*2 Acetaldehyde here will induce
Flushing
Tachycardia
Nausea
Vomiting
Hyperventilation upon consumption
Flushing when drinking
Asian flushing syndrome or Alcohol flush reaction
