Study Set Content:
Addition
Substitution (of H)
Alkynes
Substitution (of X)
Elimination (of HX)
Alkyl halides
Substitution (of OR), Substitution (of a-H)
Ethers
Substitution (of H); Substitution (of OH)
Elimination (of HOH), Oxidation (elimination of 2H)
Alcohols
Substitution (of H)
Addition (to N); Oxidation (of N)
amines
Substitution (of H)
Benzene ring
Addition
Substitution (of H or a-H)
Aldehydes
Addition
Substitution (of a-H)
Ketones
Substitution (of H); Substitution (of OH)
Substitution (of a-H); Addition (to C=O)
Carboxylic acids
Substitution (of Z); Substitution (of a-H)
Addition (to C=O)
Carboxylic derivatives
The physical properties of organic compounds include both quantitative and qualitative features.
Physical Properties
melting point, boiling point, and index of refraction.
Quantitative
odor, consistency, solubility, and color.
Qualitative
Hydrocarbons like alkanes, cycloalkanes, and alkenes all share similar physical properties.
- They only contain non-polar bonds (London-dispersion intermolecular forces of attraction)
- Insoluble in water
- Soluble in nonpolar
- Some slightly polar solvents
- Nearly all alkanes have densities less than 1.0 g/mL and are therefore less dense than water
Organic compounds typically melt and many boil.
Organic compounds typically melt and many boil.
- The boiling points and melting point increase as size increases because more energy is required to separate them.
- The boiling points and melting point increase as size increases because more energy is required to separate them.
This general trend for melting and boiling points holds true for the straight-chain homologs of all organic compound families.
This general trend for melting and boiling points holds true for the straight-chain homologs of all organic compound families.
The melting and boiling points correlate with the polarity of the molecules and their
Molecular weight
Two reactants combining to form a single product.
Addition reactions
- Single reactant splitting into two products
Elimination reactions
