Study Set Content:
(pharmaceuticals
labeled with radionuclides)
radiopharmaceuticals
enables detection of the radiopharmaceutical; it is a
radionuclide with appropriate physical properties
Radioactive:
is a molecule with appropriate pharmacokinetics. It is
accumulated in the target organ and it determines biological behavior of
the radiopharmaceutical in the body
Non-radioactive:
It is the emission of alpha and beta particles as well as gamma radiation
from the unstable isotopes
Radioactivity
Most minerals, that contain (blank) are radioactive
potassium, uranium, and thorium
nuclear reactions occur spontaneously
Natural radioactivity:
the property of radioactivity produced by particle
bombardment or electromagnetic radiation
Artificial radioactivity:
It is a fairly general term that can be used to describe the transfer of energy
through space away from a source
RADIATION
radiation as a danger to
humans through the rest of this site, we will primarily be talking about
ionizing radiation
is generated through nuclear reactions and can be very
harmful to human health.
Ionizing radiation
Alpha particles consist of two protons and two neutrons
Alpha Radiation
consist of two protons and two neutrons
▪ Their range in air is about 5cm. they will not penetrate through the
dead layers of the skin
▪ The range in tissue is less than 100 mcm in tissue identical in Helium nucleus
Alpha Radiation
are radiated as photons or quanta energy
▪ Due to the deep penetration, they present an external exposure
hazard
▪ They can travel many meters in air
▪ They can pass easily through more than 25 cm of tissue
Gamma radiation
are internal radiation hazards when taken inside the
body
Beta emitters
Beta radiation
▪ Two kinds of electron,
the negative electron and positive electron
consists of drug component and a radioactive component
radiopharmaceutical
Substances that have the same number of protons but have varying numbers of
neutrons are called
ratio nuclides
Radiopharmaceuticals can be inserted into a:
Vein
o Taken by mouth (orally)
o Placed in a body cavity
Used as antineoplastic (for cancer)
Americium 241
Used as antineoplastic
Californium 252
Cobalt 60
Gold 194
