Study Set Content:
In addition to the active or therapeutic ingredient, contain a number of inert
materials. The latter are known as additives or excipients
TABLETING AGENTS
are known as additives or excipients
inert
materials.
They impart cohesiveness to the tablet formulation that ensures the tablet
remain intact after compression, as well as improve the free-flowing
qualities by the formulation of granules of desired hardness and size
Binders:
Calcium carbonate
▪ Calcium sulfate
▪ Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)
▪ Powdered cellulose
▪ Dextrates
▪ Dextrin
▪ Dextrose
▪ Kaolin
▪ Lactose
▪ Maltodextrin
▪ Mannitol
▪ Starch
▪ Sucrose
Diluents
Corn starch USP
▪ Starch 1500
▪ Gelatin
▪ Acacia
▪ PVP
▪ Methyl cellulose
▪ Sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose
Binders:
They prevent adhesion of the tablet material to the surface of the dies and
punches, reduce interparticle friction, facilitate the ejection of the tablets
from the die cavity, and may improve the rate of flow of the tablet
granulation
Lubricants:
A glidant is a substance that improves the flow characteristics of a powder
mixture
Glidants
Example:
▪ Calcium stearate
▪ Glyceryl monostearate
▪ Isopropyl myristate
▪ Magnesium stearate
▪ Polyvinyl alcohol
▪ Sodium stearyl fumarate
▪ Stearic acid
▪ Talc
Lubricant
Colloidal silicon dioxide
▪ Cab-o-sil (Cabot)
▪ Talc (asbestos-free)
Glidants
A disintegrant is a substance or a mixture of substance added to a tablet
to facilitate its breakup or disintegration after administration
Disintegrants
Alginic acid
▪ Sodium alginate
▪ Microcrystalline cellulose (MCC)
▪ Croscarmellose sodium
▪ Crospovidone
▪ Guar gum
▪ Polyacrilin potassium
▪ Sodium starch glycolate
Disintegrants
are similar to viscosifiers in a formulation. They function by
keeping small particles of active, and possibly other excipients, suspended
during the shelf life of the product
SUSPENDING AGENTS
Acacia
o Agar
o Carbomer
o Carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC)
o Carrageenan
o Microcrystalline cellulose and sodium carboxymethyl
o Cellulose Co-processed
o Colloidal silicon dioxide
o Dextrin
o Guar gum
o Hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC)
o Hypromellose (HPMC)
o Kaolin
o Methylcellulose
o Pectin
o Polyvinyl alcohol
o Povidone
o Tragacanth
SUSPENDING AGENTS
a radioactive pharmaceutical agent that is used for diagnostic or
therapeutic procedures
o Over the past three decades, the discipline of nuclear pharmacy or radio-
pharmacy has become highly specialized and contributed positively to the
practice of nuclear medicine
Radiopharmaceuticals
radio labelled molecules design to
deliver therapeutic doses of ionizing radiation to specific diseases sites
Therapeutic applications
may be used internally or externally. If the radioisotopes
are used externally or as implants in sealed capsules in a tissue, the dose
could be terminated by removal of the sources
Radioisotopes
is the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus
spontaneously loses energy by emitting ionizing particles and radiation
Radioactive decay
is the period of time required to reduce the radioactive
level of a substance to exactly one half of its original value due to
radioactive decay
Physical half-life
the time required for a living organism to eliminate
one-half of a radioactive substance which has been introduced to it
Biological half-life
radiopharmaceuticals are radioactive compounds
administered to the patient, and monitors via specific imaging devices, for
diagnosis and therapeutic purposes
Nuclear medicine:
