Study Set Content:
ACETIC ACID (CH3COOH) synonym
glacial acetic acid
irrigation solution with some bacteriostatic properties
ACETIC ACID (CH3COOH)
OFFICIAL INORGANIC BASES
Strong ammonia solution
Diluted ammonia solution
Calcium hydroxide
Potassium hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide
Sodium carbonate
Soda-lime
Potassium bicarbonate
Sodium bicarbonate
Other names:
o Ammonium hydroxide
o Stronger ammonia water
STRONG AMMONIA SOLUTION (NH4OH) – USP38/NF33
Tollens reagent is an alkaline solution of ammoniacal silver nitrate and is used to
test for aldehydes
STRONG AMMONIA SOLUTION (NH4OH) – USP38/NF33
Precautions:
o Use care in handling (caustic nature and irritating properties of its vapor)
o Cool the container well before opening
o Cover the closure with cloth while opening
o Do not taste or inhale the vapors
STRONG AMMONIA SOLUTION (NH4OH) – USP38/NF33
Known as ammonia water or household ammonia
DILUTED AMMONIA SOLUTION (NH4OH) – USP38/NF33
Used as circulatory stimulant through inhalation of vapors
o Externally used as counter-irritant
DILUTED AMMONIA SOLUTION (NH4OH) – USP38/NF33
Other names:
o Slaked lime
o Calcium hydrate
CALCIUM HYDROXIDE [Ca(OH)2] – USP38/NF33
Other names:
o Caustic potash
o Potassa
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE (KOH) – USP38/NF33
Preparation:
o Manufactured from lime or calcium oxide by slaking process
CALCIUM HYDROXIDE [Ca(OH)2] – USP38/NF33
Use: medicinally used as fluid electrolyte and topic astringent
CALCIUM HYDROXIDE [Ca(OH)2] – USP38/NF33
Properties:
o Deliquescent
o Very strong base with caustic/corrosive effect on tissues (handle carefully)
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE (KOH) – USP38/NF33
As a caustic in veterinary practice
o As a saponifying agent to hydrolyze ester of fatty acids into their
constituent alcohols and potassium salt
POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE (KOH) – USP38/NF33
Other names:
o Caustic soda
o Soda lye
SODIUM HYDROXIDE (NaOH)
Other names:
o Monohydrated sodium carbonate
SODIUM CARBONATE (Na2CO3.H2O)
Properties:
o It attacks soft glass (containers should be made of hard glass with rubber
stoppers)
o Glass-stoppered bottles can be used if a little petroleum or paraffin is
spread around the stopper
o Not borosilicate, a soft glass has high coefficient of thermal expansion;
thus, it does not require a high temperature to make them soft
SODIUM HYDROXIDE (NaOH)
Use: In pharmaceutical preparations, its basicity forms sodium slats of acidic
drugs
SODIUM CARBONATE (Na2CO3.H2O)
Same as potassium hydroxide but has more advantage since it is less
deliquescent, milder, and cheaper
SODIUM HYDROXIDE (NaOH)
Uses: A mixture of Ca(OH)2 and NaOH or KOH or both intended for metabolism
tests, anesthesia, O2 therapy
SODA LIMES
