Study Set Content:
Discovered by and when
Alexander Fleming in 1929
He was working on a culture of disease causing bacteria when noticed the spores of little green mold in one of his culture plates. o He observed that the presence of the mold killed or prevented the growth of the bacteria, later identified as
penicillium notatum
The 1st antibiotic drug to be used in hospitals
PYOCYANASE
They were the first to make an effective medication from microbes, conducted experiments in 1888
Oscar low and rudolph emmerich
They isolated germs from infected bandages that caused green infections in open wounds. That germ was a bacterium then called
bacillus pyocyaneus
They isolated germs from infected bandages that caused green infections in open wounds. That germ was a bacterium then called bacillus pyocyaneus ( now called
pseudomonas aeruginosa
green infections in open wounds. That germ was a bacterium then called bacillus pyocyaneus ( now called pseudomonas aeruginosa ) that produces
pyocyanin,
They isolated germs from infected bandages that caused green infections in open wounds. That germ was a bacterium then called bacillus pyocyaneus ( now called pseudomonas aeruginosa ) that produces pyocyanin, but it did not work equally on all patient and quite toxic to humans on
large amount
- substances that are capable of killing bacteria.
Bactericidal
limit the growth of bacteria by interferring with bacterial protein production, dna replication or aspects of bacterial cellular metabolism.
Bacteriostatic
- effective against a variety of gram (+) and gram (-) bacteria.
Broad spectrum
effective only against gram (+) or gram (-) bacteria
Narrow spectrum -
ANTIBIOTICS DERIVED FROM AMINO ACID METABOLISM Includes:
THE PENICILLINS
THE CEPHALOSPORINS
THE POLYPEPTIDES
Penicillins
acyl side chain
Beta-Lactam Ring
Thiazolidine ring
Penicillins inhibit bacterial growth by interfering with the () of bacterial cell wall synthesis.
transpeptidation reaction
Except for oral amoxicillin, penicillins should be given() hours before or after a meal.
1-2
Except for (), penicillins should be given 1-2 hours before or after a meal.
oral amoxicillin
