Study Set Content:
Also a choice in infections for which it is the least toxic drug and in individuals with staphylococcal or streptococcal infections who have a history of penicillin allergy
CEFAZOLIN
SECOND GENERATION
▪ Cefamandole
▪ Cefonicid
▪ Cefuroxime
▪ Ceforanide
▪ Cefoxitin
▪ Cefprozil
▪ Loracarbef
▪ Cefmetazole ▪
Cefotetan ((related cephamycins),
▪ Cefaclor
They have the same spectrum of antibacterial activity as the 1st generation agents except that they are more active against h. Influenza, gonococcus, some enteric gram (-) bacilli and anaerobes
SECOND GENERATION
THIRD GENERATION
Cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, moxalactam, and imipenem/cilastatin
fotaxime, ceftizoxime, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, moxalactam, and imipenem/cilastatin compared with 1st and 2nd generation agents, these drugs have expanded gram negative coverage, and some are able to cross the blood-brain barrier
THIRD GENERATION
They are active against
citrobacter, s. Marcescens and providencia
also effective against β-lactamase- producing strains of haemophilus and naesseria
THIRD GENERATION
CHLORAMPHENICOL • Obtained from
streptomyces venezuelae
CHLORAMPHENICOL • Obtained from streptomyces venezuelae, isolated in
1947
CHLORAMPHENICOL • Obtained from streptomyces venezuelae, isolated in 1947, from a soil sample collected near
caracas, venezuela.
It was the first “truly broad spectrum antibiotic” discovered.
CHLORAMPHENICOL
• Effective against gr(+) and gr(-) bacteria, rickettsial pathogens and a few viruses.
CHLORAMPHENICOL
Acts by inhibiting protein synthesis at the
ribosome level
It binds to the () subunit of microbial() ribosomes and disrupts (), the enzyme that catalyzes peptide bond formation.
50s , 70s , peptidyl transferase
Chloramphenicol
• Formerly the first line of choice in the treatment of typhoid, but due to multiple drug resistant salmonella typhi, its now seldom used.
Chloramphenicol
First line of choice for
conjunctivitis
first line of choice for conjunctivitis maybe used as a second line agent in the treatment of
tetracycline-resistant cholera.
The first choice for the staphylococcal brain abscess.
chloramphenicol
Effective against bacterial causes of meningitis.
chloramphenicol
