Study Set Content:
the combined liquid are clarified by
filtration or decantation
in this method, the material in a well- ›closed container is subjected to a slow flow of fresh solvent at intervals until sufficient active ingredient is extracted(4 hours)
PERCOLATION
a form of maceration which gentle heat is used during the process of extraction.
DIGESTION
it is used when moderately elevated temperature is not objectionable and the solvent efficiency of the menstruum is increased thereby.
DIGESTION
INFUSION
• the plant material is placed in a pot and ›wetted with
cold water.
is poured over it, then left to stand.
boiling water
it is then covered with a lid for about____ after which the crude drugs is poured off.
15 minutes
DECOCTION
• the crude drug is____in a specified volume of water for a defined time.
boiled
Then cooled and
filtered.
this procedure is suitable for extracting soluble, heat stable plant constituent
DECOCTION
The volatile oil is obtained by hydrolysis with enzymes
ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS
Often used in the production of volatile oil ›content of fresh plant parts which are so small
ENFLUORAGE
An odorless, bland, fixed oil or fat is spread in a thin layer on ____. The ____ are placed on the fat for a few hours.
glass plates, flower petals
After the fat has absorbed as much fragrance, the oil is then removed by extraction with
alcohol.
Is a means of obtaining empyreumatic oils
DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION
This dry distillation process is used in the production of volatile oils from wood or resin
DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION
Ex: members of family Pinaceae and Cupressaceae
DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION
PHARMACEUTICAL USES of VOLATILE OILS
• FLAVOURING AGENT
• PERFUMING AGE
• MEDICINAL AGENT
PERFUMING AGE
o Pharmaceutical Formulations
o Foods
o Beverages
o Cosmetic Industries
MEDICINAL AGENT
Carminative
Local Anesthetic
Anthelmintic
Sedative
Diuretics
Local irritant
Antiseptic
Insect Repellant
Insect repellent
Source of Vit. A
