Study Set Content:
61- Flashcard

Effects of Alpha 1-Receptor Activation

• Alpha 1 receptors are widely expressed in vascular beds,

Increased BP

A relatively pure a agonist such as phenylephrine increases peripheral arterial resistance and decreases venous capacitance.

• Mydriasis

• Increased closure of internal sphincter of the bladder. B. Effects of Alpha 2-Receptor Activation

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62- Flashcard

Effects of Alpha 2-Receptor Activation

• Alpha 2 adrenoceptors are present in the vasculature, and their activation leads to

vasoconstriction.

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63- Flashcard

This effect is observed only when a 2 agonists are given locally, by rapid intravenous injection or in

very high oral doses.

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64- Flashcard

these vascular effects are obscured by the central effects of a 2 receptors, which lead to inhibition of sympathetic tone and blood pressure.

When given systemically

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65- Flashcard

are used as sympatholytics in the treatment of hypertension.

A 2 agonists

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66- Flashcard

In patients with pure autonomic failure, characterized by neural degeneration of postganglionic noradrenergic fibers,____ may increase blood pressure because the central sympatholytic effects of clonidine become irrelevant, whereas the peripheral vasoconstriction remains intact.

clonidine

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67- Flashcard

Effects of Beta-Receptor Activation

• The blood pressure response to a ß-adrenoceptor agonist depends on its contrasting effects on the

heart and the vasculature

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68- Flashcard

increases cardiac output by increasing. contractility and by direct activation of the sinus node to increase heart rate.

Stimulation of Bẞ receptors in the heart

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69- Flashcard

Beta agonists also decrease peripheral resistance by activating (blank), leading to vasodilation in certain vascular beds

ẞ 2 receptors

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70- Flashcard

is a nonselective ß agonist; it activates both B 1 and 32 receptors.

Isoproterenol

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71- Flashcard

The net effect is to() systolic pressure and to () diastolic pressure, so that mean blood pressure is decreased

maintain or slightly increase, lower

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72- Flashcard

Effects of Dopamine-Receptor Activation

• Intravenous administration of ____ promotes vasodilation of renal, splanchnic, coronary, cerebral, and perhaps other resistance vessels, via activation of D. receptors.

dopamine

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73- Flashcard

Activation of the D, receptors in the renal vasculature may also induce

natriuresis.

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74- Flashcard

The renal effects of dopamine have been used clinically to improve perfusion to the kidney in situations of ____(abnormally low urinary output).

oliguria

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75- Flashcard

The activation of ____, receptors suppresses norepinephrine release, but it is unclear if this contributes to cardiovascular effects of dopamine. Noncardiac Effects of Sympathomimetics

presynaptic D

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76- Flashcard

NONCARDIAC EFFECTS OF SYMPATHOMIMETICS

• Adrenoceptors are distributed in virtually all

organ systems.

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77- Flashcard

Activation of B 2 receptors in bronchial smooth muscle leads

bronchodilation

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78- Flashcard

B, agonists are important in the treatment of

asthma.

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79- Flashcard

In the eye, the radial pupillary dilator muscle of the iris contains a receptors; activation by drugs such as phenylephrine causes

mydriasis.

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80- Flashcard

In genitourinary organs, the bladder base, urethral sphincter, prostate contain a receptors that mediate contraction and therefore promote

urinary continence.

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