Study Set Content:
The tricyclic antidepressants (Amitriptyline, doxepin and imipramine), taken in overdosage (suicidal intent), cause severe
muscarinic blockade.
enters the central nervous system and reverses the central as well as the peripheral signs of muscarinic blockade.can also produce dangerous CNS effects, and such therapy is therefore used only in patients with dangerous elevation of body temperature or very rapid supraventricular tachycardia
Physostigmine
is a drug with anticholinesterase and other cholinomimetic actions that has been used for the treatment of mild to moderate Alzheimer's disease
Tacrine
Tacrine's efficacy is (blank), and (blank) is significant.
modest, hepatic toxicity
are newer, more selective acetylcholinesterase inhibitors that have the same modest clinical benefit as tacrine in treatment of cognitive dysfunction in Alzheimer's patients.
Donepezil, galantamine, and rivastigmine
may be given once daily because of its long half-life, and it lacks the hepatotoxic effect of tacrine. However, no trials comparing these newer drugs with tacrine have been reported.
Donepezil
Certain mushrooms, especially those of the genus (blank), contain muscarinic alkaloids.
Inocybe
Ingestion of these mushrooms causes typical signs of muscarinic excess within 15-30 minutes. - These effects can be very uncomfortable but are rarely
fatal
Treatment is with (blank), (blank) parenterally
atropine, 1-2 mg
the first source of muscarine, contains very low concentrations of the alkaloid.
Amanita muscaria
itself is the only common cause of this type of poisoning
Nicotine
The acute toxicity of the alkaloid is well defined but much less important than the chronic effects associated with smoking.
Varenicline toxicity
is a prescription medication used to treat smoking addiction.
Varenicline
In addition to tobacco products, nicotine is also used in
insecticides
The fatal dose of nicotine is approximately (blank)/ (blank) of the pure liquid/ amount of nicotine in (blank) regular cigarettes.
40 mg, 1 drop, two
Ingestion of nicotine insecticides or of tobacco by infants and children is usually followed by (blank), limiting the amount of the alkaloid absorbed
vomiting
The toxic effects:
central stimulant actions
skeletal muscle end plate depolarization
hypertension and cardiac arrhythmias.
cause convulsions and may progress to coma and respiratory arrest;
. central stimulant actions
depolarization blockade and respiratory paralysis;
skeletal muscle end plate depolarization
he 1979 Surgeon General's Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention stated that (blank) is clearly the largest single preventable cause of illness and premature death in the United States.
"cigarette smoking
