Study Set Content:
Neostigmine • For paralytic ileus or atony of the urinary bladder, given (blank) in a dose of
SQ, 0.5-1 mg.
In all of these situations, the clinician must be certain that there is no mechanical obstruction to outflow before using the cholinomimetic. Otherwise, the drug may exacerbate the problem and may even cause (blank) as a result of increased pressure
perforation
has long been used to increase salivary secretion.
Pilocarpine
a quinuclidine derivative of acetylcholine, is a new direct-acting muscarinic agonist used for the treatment of dry mouth associated with Sjogren's syndrome and that caused by radiation damage of the salivary glands
Cevimeline
In this disease, antibodies are produced against the main immunogenic region found on α1 subunits of the nicotinic receptorchannel complex.
Myasthenia gravis
Antibodies are detected in (blank) of myasthenic patients.
85%
The antibodies reduce nicotinic receptor function by
1. cross-linking receptors, a process that stimulates their internalization and degradation;
2. causing lysis of the postsynaptic membrane;
3. binding to the nicotinic receptor and inhibiting function.
Frequent findings are (blank), and extremity weakness. Severe disease may affect all the muscles, including those necessary for respiration
ptosis, diplopia, difficulty in speaking and swallowing
The disease resembles the neuromuscular paralysis produced by (blank) and similar nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs
d -tubocurarine
is sometimes used as a diagnostic test for myasthenia.
Edrophonium
A (blank) dose is injected IV after baseline muscle strength has been measured. If no reaction occurs after 45 seconds, an additional (blank) may be injected. If the patient has myasthenia gravis, an improvement in muscle strength that lasts about 5 minutes can usually be observed.
2 mg, 8 mg
Long-term therapy for myasthenia gravis is usually accomplished with (blank); neostigmine or ambenonium are alternatives. These drugs are relatively short-acting and therefore require frequent (blank) (every 6 hours for pyridostigmine and ambenonium and every 4 hours for neostigmine)
pyridostigmine,dosing
If muscarinic effects of such therapy are prominent, they can be controlled by the administration of antimuscarinic drugs such as
Atropine
Frequently, tolerance to the muscarinic effects of the cholinesterase inhibitors develops, so atropine treatment is not
required
is frequently produced as an adjunct to surgical anesthesia, using nondepolarizing neuromuscular relaxants such as pancuronium and newer agents.
Neuromuscular blockade
• After surgery, it is usually desirable to (blank) this pharmacologic paralysis promptly
reverse
This can be easily accomplished with cholinesterase inhibitors; (blank) are the drugs of choice.
neostigmine and edrophonium
The short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor (blank) was used to treat supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, particularly paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia.
edrophonium
In this application, edrophonium has been replaced by newer drugs with different mechanisms ((blank) and the calcium channel blockers (blank))
adenosine, verapamil and diltiazem
is lethal in children and may cause severe behavioral disturbances and arrhythmias in adults.
Atropine intoxication
