Study Set Content:
Peristaltic activity is (blank) throughout the gut, and most sphincters are (blank).
increased, relaxed
Stimulation of contraction in this organ system involves (blank) of the smooth muscle cell membrane and (blank) calcium influx.
depolarization, increased
Muscarinic agonists stimulate the (blank) and relax the (blank) muscles of the bladder, thus promoting
detrusor muscle, trigone and sphincter voiding
The function of M2 and M3 receptors in the urinary bladder appears to be the same as in
intestinal smooth muscle.
Muscarinic agonists (blank) secretion by thermoregulatory sweat, lacrimal, and nasopharyngeal glands.
stimulate
contains both muscarinic and nicotinic receptors,
central nervous system
the brain being relatively richer in
muscarinic site
and the spinal cord containing a preponderance of
(blank) sites.
nicotinic
The central nervous system effects of the synthetic muscarinic agonist _____ (tremor, hypothermia, and antinociception) were lacking in mice with homozygously mutated M2 receptors
oxotremorine
Animals lacking M3 receptors especially those in the hypothalamus had
reduced appetite and diminished body fat mass.
Chronic exposure to nicotine has a dual effect at nicotinic receptors: activation (depolarization) followed by
desensitization.
With greater release of dopamine contribute to the mild alerting action and the addictive property of nicotine absorbed from
tobacco
In high concentrations nicotine induces_____, _____, and stimulation of the_____
tremor, emesis, respiratory center.
which may terminate in fatal coma
Convulsions
are important sites of nicotinic synaptic action.
Autonomic ganglia
Nicotine greater affinity for (blank) than for skeletal muscle nicotinic receptors.
neuronal
In the case of the cardiovascular system, the effects of nicotine are chiefly
sympathomimetic
is produced by parenteral injection of nicotine; sympathetic tachycardia may alternate with a bradycardia mediated by vagal discharge.
Hypertension
the effects are largely parasympathomimetic: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and voiding of urine are commonly observed.
GIT & GUT
The nicotinic receptors on the neuromuscular end plate apparatus ganglia respond to
acetylcholine and nicotine
