In
atria
– conductive tissue – atrial muscle cells. Velocity – 1 m/s
+ 3 bundles of atrial fibers conducting SA-AV node imp.
Internodal tracts of: 1. Bachman
2. Wenckebacnh
3. Thorel
AV node
– the atrioventricular node. Conduction in AV node (secondary centre of automatic
function) is slow – delay of 0.1 s), velocity of conduction 20 mm/s.
Principle: Existence of junctional fibers and transitional fibers. Principle of a convergence ansd
divergence. Reverberation circuits.
Physiological role: It allows time for the atria to empty their contents into the ventricles before
ventricle contraction begins.
His bundle
(v- 4-5 m/s),
right/left bundle branches, Purkinje system
Very large fibers. This allows quick - immediate transmission of the cardiac impulse throughout
the entire ventricular system.
Excitation of the myocardium from endocardium to epicardium.
3) The excitability
= ability to react to a stimulus
Phases:
1. Normal
2. Absolute refractory period
3. Relative refractory period
4. Supranormal excitability
Refractory phases – condition for alternation systole – diastole – against tetanization
Extrasystoles - interpolated
-
compensated
Vulnerable period – just at the end of the action potential, because stimulation at this time will
sometimes initiate flutter or fibrillation.
Flutter/fibrillation - atrial
- ventricular – fatal
Defibrillation – defibrillator – 5-7 kV
4) The contractility
= ability of the myocardial fibres to contract
Myosin – actin filaments
Tropomyosin, troponin
Excitation – Contraction Coupling:
Depolarization - electrical charges, T-tubules, release of calcium ions from the longitudinal
sarcoplasmatic reticulum – to promote sliding of the actin and myosin filaments along each other
– muscle contraction