The
medial portion
, which has in immediate apposition to the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
nerve, transmits impulses through the vagus nerve to the heart – with negative tropic effects =
cardioinhibitory center
.
HUMORAL REGULATION
Catecholamines (E, NE) –
adrenal medulla
T
3
, T
4
-
thyroid gland
Glucagon –
pancreas
all = positive tropic effects
REGULATION OF DIAMETER OF THE VESSELS
- autoregulation
- nervous
- humoral
1)Autoregulation
Myogenic:
Compensation of pressure changes by changes in diameter (vascular resistance) for remaining
constant blood flow:
The vascular smooth muscle in the vessels contract – in response to the tension of the vessel
wall.
Stimuli from inside.
Autoregulation of renal and cerebral BF.
Stimuli outside –
mechanical – massage - vasodilatation
Humoral:
Vasodilator agents:
Metabolites – lactate, PCO
2
, increase in temperature (working skeletal muscle), adenosine (from
ATP) – in cardiac muscle
Bradykinin, lysylbradykinin (kalidin) in sweat and salivary glands
Histamine – in skin circulation
NO
Vasoconstrictors:
Serotonin, endothelins (ET1), PO
2
– different reactions in regional circulations (hypoxic
pulmonary vasoconstriction, cerebral vasodilatation)
2/Neural regulation
Parasympathetic division – cholinergic
vasodilatory
fibres – only in some regions of
circulation (genital)
Sympathetic division – adrenergic postggl. fibers, alpha1,2 receptors, v
asoconstriction
Exception – cholinergic sympathetic system in vessels in skeletal muscles.
Permanent vasoconstrictory tone.