Study Set Content:
he absence of systematic or potentially remediable differences in health status, access to healthcare and health‐enhancing environments, and treatment in one or more aspects of health across populations or population groups defined socially, economically, demographically or geographically within and across countries. -a measure of the degree to which health policies are able to distribute well‐being fairly.
Equity in Health
the systematic and objective assessment of the relevance, adequacy, progress, efficiency, effectiveness and impact of a course of actions, in relation to objectives and taking into account the resources and facilities that have been deployed.
Evaluation
“any form of knowledge, including, but not confined to research, of sufficient quality to inform decisions.
Evidence
: a health care provider at the first contact level who has responsibilities for the provision of primary care as well as for the coordination of specialized care and referral.
Gatekeeper
a comprehensive demographic and epidemiological framework to estimate health gaps for an extensive set of disease and injury causes, and for major risk factors, using all available mortality and health data and methods to ensure internal consistency and comparability of estimates
Global Burden of disease:
the coordination of donors contributions and activities, the transparent sharing of information and the attempt to be collectively effective and avoid duplication
Harmonization
the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions.
Health Literacy
“a contract between the insured and the insurer to the effect that in the event of specified events (determined in the insurance contract) occurring the insurer will pay compensation either to the insured person or to the health service provider. There are two major forms of health insurance. One is private health insurance, with premiums based on individual or group risks. The other is social security, whereby in principle society’s risks are pooled, with contributions by individuals usually dependent on their capacity to pay.
Health insurance
(i) a set of decisions or commitments to pursue courses of action aimed at achieving defined goals for improving health, stating or inferring the values that underpin these decisions; the health policy may or may not specify the source of funding that can be applied to the action, the planning and management arrangements to be adopted for implementation of the policy, and the relevant institutions to be involved.
Health policy
developing alternative financing mechanisms, particularly user charges and health insurance; decentralization; limiting the public sector and encouraging a greater role for the private sector; prioritizing the use of cost‐ effectiveness techniques”
Health Sector Reform
an analytical framework used by WHO to describe health systems, disaggregating them into 6 core components: leadership and governance (stewardship), service delivery, health workforce, health information system, medical products, vaccines and technologies, and health system financing
Health system building blocks:
) all the activities whose primary purpose is to promote, restore and/or maintain health
Health system
the state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
Health
set of provider units that: are functionally coordinated; are hierarchically organized according to level of complexity
Network of Services
, also known as a national health strategic plan or national health plan: a process of organizing decisions and actions to achieve particular ends, set within a policy103, providing “a model of an intended future situation and a programme of action predetermined to achieve the intended situation
National health strategy
payments for goods or services that include: (i) direct payments: payments for goods or services that are not covered by any form of insurance; (ii) cost sharing: a provision of health insurance or third‐party payment that requires the individual who is covered to pay part of the cost of health care received
Out‐of‐pocket payments (OOP):
care that is focused and organized around the health needs and expectations of people and communities rather than on diseases
People‐centred care
Health services targeted at the individual. These include, among others, health promotion, timely disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment, rehabilitation, palliative care, acute care and long‐term care services.
Personal Health Services
delivery of medical care that is focused on the health of individuals, communities, and defined populations in order to protect, promote, and maintain health and wellbeing and to prevent disease, disability, and death
Preventive medicine:
often used interchangeably with first level of care. (i) the part of a health services system that assures person focused care over time to a defined population, accessibility to facilitate receipt of care when it is first needed, comprehensiveness of care in the sense that only rare or unusual manifestations of ill health are referred elsewhere, and coordination of care such that all facets of care (wherever received) are integrated
Primary care
