Study Set Content:
when the refractive index of the fragments is less than that of the immersion medium, the white line moves () away from the fragments into the immersion medium, as the focus is raised
outward
• Used in gel permeation chromatography
IMAGE DISPLACEMENT REFRACTOMETER
APPPLICATIONS • Determine the____ of a given sample.
purity
have applications for quality control and assurance of intermediate and finished drug products.
• Refractometers
• Used in the examination of
organic compounds (oils, solvents, etc), solutions, food products, serum protein concentration.
, it used to measure the total plasma protein in a blood sample and urine specific gravity.
• In veterinary medicine
it is used to help identify gem materials by measuring their RI. • Used to determine the purity of oils, fats and waxes
• In gemmology
Source: Codex Alimentarius:
Fats, Oils and Related
- FAO
Rome (1993)
1.460 - 1.465
Peanut Oil
: 1.465 - 1.468
• Maize Oil
1.461 - 1.469
• Mustard Oi
1.465 - 1.469
• Sesame Oil:
1.466 - 1.470
• Soybean Oil:
1.461 - 1.468
Sunflower Oil
1.458 - 1.460 (at 40 °C)
• Palm Oil
A sensitive, nondestructive technique for measuring the optical activity exhibited by inorganic and organic compounds.
POLARIMETRY
It helps to identify the purity and identity of these substances
POLARIMETRY
The amount of optical rotation is determined by the () and () in the substances.
molecular structure , concentration of chiral molecules
Each optically active substance has its own specific rotation as defined in
Biot’s law:
