Study Set Content:
- is a method to measure how much a chemical substance absorbs light by measuring the intensity of light as a beam of light passes through sample solution. The basic principle is that each compound absorbs or transmits light over a certain range of wavelength.
Spectrophotometry
measures the bond vibration frequencies in a molecule and is used to determine the functional group.
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy
fragments the molecule and measures their mass. MS can give the molecular weight of the compound and functional groups.
Mass spectrometry (MS)
spectroscopy analyzes the environment of the hydrogens in a compound. This gives useful clues as to the alkyl and other functional groups present.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)
uses electronic transitions to determine bonding patterns.
Ultraviolet (UV) spectroscopy
uses quantitative measurement of the optical emission from excited atoms to determine analyte concentration.
Atomic emission spectroscopy
Analyte atoms in solution are aspirated into the excitation region where they are desolvated, vaporized, and atomized by a flame, discharge, or plasma.
- Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES or OES [optical emission spectroscopy])
is a sensitive, nondestructive technique for measuring the optical activity exhibited by inorganic and organic compounds. A compound is considered to be optically active if linearly polarized light is rotated when passing through it.
Polarimetry
a technique that measures how light is refracted when it passes through a given substance, in this case, an unknown compound. The amount by which the light is refracted determines the refractive index
Refractometry
methods for determining the amount of cloudiness, or turbidity, in a solution based upon measurement of the effect of this turbidity upon the transmission and scattering of light
Turbidimetry and Nephelometry
the intensity of the scattered light is measured
Nephelometry
the intensity of light transmitted through the sample is measured.
Turbidimetry,
is a technique in which the electric potential (or voltage) is varied in a regular manner between two sets of electrodes (indicator and reference) while the current is monitored.
Polarography
is one of the methods of electroanalytical chemistry. It is usually employed to find the concentration of a solute in solution.
Potentiometry
In potentiometric measurements, the potential between two electrodes is measured using a
high impedance voltmeter.
is an analytical method for measuring an unknown concentration of an analyte in solution by completely converting the analyte from one oxidation state to another.
Coulometry
uses a constant current source to deliver a measured amount of charge.
Coulometry
One mole of electrons is equal to
96,485 coulombs of charge
One mole of electrons is equal to 96,485 coulombs of charge, and is called a
faraday
is a method by which a mixture is separated by distributing its components between two phases. The stationary phase remains fixed in place while the mobile phase carries the components of the mixture through the medium being used.
Chromatography
