Study Set Content:
Flagellar Ag
H Ag
method of testing detects antibodies to erythrocyte antigens.
Hemagglutination
Determine the Grade:
No aggregates
Negative
Determine the Grade:
A few isolated aggregates; mostly free-floating cells; supernatant appears red
Mixed Field
Determine the Grade:
Tiny aggregates barely visible macroscopically; many free erythrocytes; turbid and reddish supernatant
Weak (+-)
A few small aggregates visible macroscopically; many free erythrocytes; turbid and reddish supernatant.
1+
Medium-sized aggregates; some free erythrocytes; clear supernatant.
2+
Several large aggregates; some free erythrocytes; clear supernatant.
3+
Erythrocytes are combined into one solid aggregate; clear supernatant.
4+
Differentiate Passive Agglutination from Reverse Passive
Passive - Antigen is attached to the carrier particle and agglutination occurs if antibody is present
Reverse Passive - Antibody is attached to the carrier particle and agglutination occurs if antigen is present
used to detect RF, antibodies to Group A Streptococcus antigens, and antibodies to viruses such as rotavirus, CMV, rubella, and VZV
Latex Agglutination Test
are available in detection of antibodies to HBV, HCV and HIV I and II.
Hemagglutination kits
Carrier particles are mixed or bound with soluble antigen, resulting into multivalent antigen
Passive Agglutination
Carrier particles are mixed or bound with reagent antibody
Reverse Passive Agglutination
Patient sample that contains specific antigens against the reagent antibodies in the test system is added with the coated particles, forming lattice formation and agglutination is visible.
Reverse Passive Agglutination
It uses bacteria as the inert particles to which antibodies are attached.
Coagglutination
is the most frequently used bacteria because of its protein A in the cell wall, which naturally adsorbs the Fc portion of IgG subclasses 1, 2, and 4.
Staphylococcus aureus
Fc portion of IgG 1,2, and 4 is bound to what protein?
Protein A
In coagglutination, what bacteria are identified?
Streptococci, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Vibrio cholera 0139, Haemophilius influenzae
Agglutination is visible once sample is mixed.
Coagglutination
