Study Set Content:
It is based on competition between particulate (large) and soluble small) antigens for limited antibody combining sites.
Agglutination inhibition
It involves haptens complexed to proteins
Agglutination inhibition
In Agglutination Inhibition, what is attached to a carrier particle.
Hapten-Protein Conjugate
Test for Rubella, Influenza antibodies
Hemagglutination Inhibition
can cause hemagglutination when exposed to red blood cells, even without reagent
Rubella and Influenza viruses
Patient sample contains antigen of interest and reagent antibody are mixed, forming ____
Immune complexes
No Agglutination =
Agglutination =
No agglutination = positive
Agglutination = Negative
there are no antigens in the patient sample, when mixed with the reagent antibody, forming no immune complexes
Agglutination = negative
It detects non-agglutinating antibody (IgG) by means of coupling with a second antibody (AHG).
Antiglobulin-Mediated Agglutination
In Antiglobulin-Mediated Agglutination, where does the AHG attach to?
Fc portion of IgG
Detects in vivo sensitization of RBCs
DAT (Direct Antiglobulin Test)
there is binding of paratope and epitope of antibodies and antigens.
Direct Antiglobulin Test
Mother is Rh-negative and the fetus is Rh-positive. If the mother was not given RhoGAM shot on time, then the mother will be sensitized to the baby’s Rh antigen.
HDN (Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn and Fetus)
Crosses the placental barrier and will be able to attack the Rh-antigens on the surface of the fetal red cells.
IgG
Bound to maternal IgG anti-Rh
Fetal Red Cells
Patient’s immune system recognized the presence of foreign antigens present on the red blood cells of the donated unit.
HTR (Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction)
The result is launching immune responses or the production of antibodies against the antigens present on the transfused blood.
HTR (Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction)
Patient’s immune system has launched an immune response against their own antigens, causing sensitization.
Auto-immune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA)
Example of alteration is the formation of new antigenic determinants, and this will be recognized as foreign in the body
Drug-Induced Hemolytic Anemia (DIHA)
Some drugs may cause alteration of the membrane of the red blood cells.
DIHA (Drug-Induced Hemolytic Anemia)
