Study Set Content:
it became clear to ordinary people, especially those whose work entailed significant exposure to certain natural materials such as minerals, that their very occupations could be
harmful
Discovered the Prevention and Treatment of Poisoning
roman era
was a governing body, known for conducting secret tribunals whereby figures perceived as a threat to the state were ordered executed.
Venetian Council of Ten
Tested and carefully studied the effects of various toxicant concoctions. Noting the onset of action and symptoms that occurred.
Catherine de’ Medici
Could be by today standard considered an early experimental toxicologist.
Catherine de’ Medici
States that substances known to be toxic may also impart beneficial or stimulatory effects at low doses.
Theory of Hormesis
Increasing prominence of the scientific method
18TH TO 19TH CENTURY
The ability to synthesize new chemicals and detect their presence especially in small amounts marked the beginning of Modern Era of Toxicology.
18TH TO 19TH CENTURY
Radiation:
Marie Curie and Radium
Food and Drugs:
Lewis Caleb Beck, “Poison Squad”, acetanilide, “Wiley Bill”, Jamaica Ginger and Ginger Jake paralysis, Sulfanilamide poisonings, Frances Oldham Kelsey
Pesticides Research and Chemical Warface authored by
Fritz Haber
Study of adverse effects of agents on living organisms and the ecosystem, including the prevention and amelioration of such AEs.
Society of Toxicology
Studies agents responsible for adverse effects, the mechanisms involved, the damage that may ensue, testing methodologies to determine the extent of damage, and ways to avoid or repair it.
National Library of Medicine’s Collection Development Manual
Chemical exposures
– drugs, chemicals, pesticides
Biological exposures
Toxinology
(subdiscipline of toxicology that deals with animals, plants, and microbial toxins)
Toxinology
(radiation and noise)
Physical hazards
Toxicology is derived from the Latinized form to the Greek word toxicon
“arrow poison”
any agent capable of producing a deleterious response in a biological system.
Poison
a drink, especially a medical drink, but later signifying more of a magical potion or poisonous drink.
poison or puison (old French)
