Study Set Content:
Acetyl-CoA becomes
Fatty acids
Fatty acids undergoes
emulsification
Fatty acids become
Triacylglycerol
is a biochemical pathway that includes both anabolic and catabolic processes.
amphibolic pathway
An important example of an amphibolic pathway is the
Krebs cycle
which involves both the catabolism of
carbohydrates and fatty acids
An important example of an amphibolic pathway is the Krebs cycle, which involves both the catabolism of carbohydrates and fatty acids and the synthesis of anabolic precursors for
amino acid synthesis (e.g. α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate).
require energy input to take simple, low energy reactants and build complex, high energy products.
Endergonic reactions
release the energy bound up in the reactants and yield simpler, low energy products.
Exergonic reactions
chemical reaction that removes a carboxyl group and releases carbon dioxide (CO2 ).
Decarboxylation
First oxidative decarboxylation occurs during the conversion o
isocitrate
First oxidative decarboxylation occurs during the conversion of isocitrate into
αketoglutarate
First oxidative decarboxylation occurs during the conversion of isocitrate into αketoglutarate (catalyzed by
isocitrate dehydrogenase)
Second oxidative decarboxylation takes place when α -ketoglutarate is converted to
succinyl-coenzyme A
Second oxidative decarboxylation takes place when α -ketoglutarate is converted to succinyl-coenzyme A with the help of
α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase.
is an exchange of functional groups between any amino acid (except lysine, proline, and threonine) and an α-keto acid.
Transamination
The amino group is usually transferred to the keto carbon atom of
pyruvate, oxaloacetate, or α -ketoglutarate
The amino group is usually transferred to the keto carbon atom of pyruvate, oxaloacetate, or α -ketoglutarate, converting the
α-keto acid
The amino group is usually transferred to the keto carbon atom of pyruvate, oxaloacetate, or α -ketoglutarate, converting the α-keto acid to
alanine, aspartate, or glutamate, respectively
Transamination reactions are catalyzed by specific
transaminases
