Study Set Content:
Pyran
Furan
a-D-Glucopyranose
a-D-Glucofuranose
a-D-Fructopyranose
B-D-Fructopyranose
a-D-Fructofuranose
B-D-fructofuranose
A five membered furanose ring is so close to being planar that Haworth projections provide adequate representations of
furanoses
For pyranoses, however, the six-membered ring is more accurately represented as a
chair conformation
The change in specific rotation that occurs when an α or β form of a carbohydrate is converted to an equilibrium mixture of the two forms
Mutarotation:
Mutarotation is common to all carbohydrates that exist in
hemiacetal forms.
Glycosides
Acetals
are formed by condensation between the hydroxyl group of the anomeric carbon of a monosaccharide, and a second compound (monosaccharide or an aglycone)
Glycosides
A glycoside produced from glucose is called a
glucoside
A glycoside produced from galactose is called a
galactoside
the carbonyl group of a monosaccharide can be reduced to a hydroxyl group by a variety of reducing agents. The reduction products are known as
alditols.
• Reduction of D-glucose gives
D-glucitol
more commonly known as
Dsorbitol
Alditols are named by dropping the –ose from the name of the monosaccharide and adding
–itol.
