Study Set Content:
When infused into the cerebral ventricles PGD2 induces
natural sleep (as determined by
electroencephalographic
analysis)
When infused into the cerebral ventricles PGD2 induces
natural sleep (as determined by electroencephalographic
analysis) via activation of
DP 1 receptors
When infused into the cerebral ventricles PGD2 induces
natural sleep (as determined by electroencephalographic
analysis) via activation of DP 1 receptors and secondary
release of
adenosine
infusion into the posterior hypothalamus causes
wakefulness.
PGE2
inhibit the release of norepinephrine from
postganglionic sympathetic nerve endings.
PGE 2
increase norepinephrine release in vivo,
suggesting that the prostaglandins play a physiologic role
in this process. Thus, vasoconstriction observed during
treatment with COX inhibitors due to increased release of
norepinephrine as well as to inhibition of the endothelial
synthesis of the vasodilators PGE2 and PGI2
NSAIDs
sensitize the peripheral nerve endings to
painful stimuli by increasing their terminal membrane
excitability.
PGE2 and PGI2
Prostaglandins also modulate pain
centrally
are expressed in spinal cord,
release prostaglandins in response to peripheral pain
stimuli
COX-1 and COX-2
are the predominant prostanoids
associated with inflammation. Both markedly enhance
edema formation and leukocyte infiltration by promoting
blood flow in the inflamed region.
PGE2 AND PGI2
PGE2 AND PGI2, through activation of increase (blank)
EP 2 and IP, vascular permeability and infiltration
Through its action as a platelet agonist, (blank)
can also increase platelet-leukocyte interactions.
TXA 2
may play arole in T-lymphocyte
development by regulating apoptosis of immature
thymocytes.
PGE2 and TXA2
suppresses the immunologic response by inhibiting
differentiation of B lymphocytes thus depressing the
humoral antibody response.
PGE 2
It also inhibits cytotoxic T-cell function, mitogenstimulated
proliferation of T lymphocytes, and the release of
cytokines by sensitized T H 1 lymphocytes.
PGE 2
can modify myeloid cell differentiation promoting
type 2 immune-suppressive macrophage and myeloid
suppressor cell phenotypes.
PGE 2
PGE 2 is a potent chemoattractant for
eosinophils
induces chemotaxis and migration of T H 2 lymphocytes.
PGE 2
Prostaglandins are abundant in skeletal tissue and are
produced by
osteoblasts and adjacent hematopoietic
The major effect of prostaglandins (especially(blank),
acting on(blank)) in vivo is to increase
PGE 2, EP 4 bone turnover
